I am a Liberal Because Everyone is Equal Essay - 647 Words

When looking over the philosophical approaches to social justices and thinking about how they fit into my worldview. I believe the one that fits my worldviews the most is the approach called liberal. The reason why I believe this is congruent to my views is because the principle of this approach is that there is economic liberty and political equality for all. I believe people should be treated equal no matter what their race, gender, height, sexual orientation and other traits are. In my eyes, a gay person should not be treated less equal than a straight person. I believe two people of the same races should be treated equal and have the same opportunities. When I was thinking about what I wanted to write for this assignment I thought†¦show more content†¦The National Abortion Federation discusses how abortion is a valid and reproductive choice. The website also states national polls have consistently showed continued support for being choice when it comes to abortion. The bottom line when it comes to liberalism is that they believe everyone should be treated equally and fair and that they also have the right to make their own choices. The philosophical approach that is incongruent with my worldview is without a doubt the one that is titled oligarchy. The principle of this approach is saying that a small group of people have power over everyone else and I don’t agree with that because if this small group of people have power that means they are making choices that they believe is right instead of what might be in the best interest of the person they are making the choice for. I believe this approach is still used in countries outside of the United States where a country decides who will marry who. Princeton University defines oligarchy as a form of power structure that effectively rests with a small number of people. The definition continues to say that these people can be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, corporate or military control. I don’t understand why so many people would total power to control a person’s life and to say that it’s for their own well-being is unfair and unequal. If aShow MoreRelatedI Am A Liberal Conservative Is More Open Minded Than Some Other Political Ideologies Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesI am a Liberal. A Liberal is more open minded than some other political ideologies. They believe we should all be equal and have the same opportunities in life. The government should help us so we can all be financially stable. Things like health care and food stamps are important because the government should help all of us, if we cannot do that for ourselves. Although liberals want help from the government they don’t b elieve they should control what we do in our personal lives. They are very bigRead MorePolitical Idelogies: Differences Between Liberalism and Conservatives1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfigure out which political ideology I really loved. It is important for me to mention that as I wrote this I had not really decided on which one I strongly believed in. Sit back and relax while I take you on a journey to discover what my heart believes in I’m telling you that you might be in for a surprise but don’t worry only time shall tell. My lecturer Kobina Graham was a very interesting person and so he made it very easy for me to find an interest in the subject. I always found joy when he explainedRead MoreA Good Presidential Candidate For The Upcoming Election920 Words   |  4 PagesWho would make for a good presidential candidate for the upcoming election? In my opinion, I am a very liberal and open-minded person. So when I am asked this question, I always say Bernie Sanders. I believe that everyone should have a fair and equal shot at what they are doing. Bernie Sanders is one of the only few candidates that is not taking his money from special interest lobbyist his campaign is funded by the people of the United States. Now let me start backwards one of your last questionsRead MorePolitical Ideology743 Words   |  3 Pagesconsideration what is really going on. The liberals here in America really seem to have the most impact to me when it comes to the American people. The liberal believe that everyone should have an equal opportunity and that everyone has the opportunity to have a chance to make it in this country. For a long time the liberals and the conservatives have had a huge debate over the centuries about who political philosophy was right. The conservatives seemed to believe that everyone was basically on their own andRead MoreA Paper on Political Ideologies1636 Words   |  7 PagesDear Emperor Alvin, How is 2046? I see The Hagios Empire is set up nicely. I love what you have done with the world, I mean who would have thought that Africa could become the most developed continent? Do you remember Ashesi? Well, I am in my first year here and I have to write this paper to you in order to not repeat my Social Theory course. This paper just talks mainly about the political ideology which I think is closest to my own political beliefs. Maybe, yours are now different from mine. AfterRead MoreTo Go To College, Or Not Go To College. This Is A Question1314 Words   |  6 Pagesessay, â€Å"The New Liberal Arts,† gives evidence towards why more people need to receive a liberal education at the college level because of the skills that such an education provides. I find Murray’s argument to be more convincing because when considering the question of, â€Å"Why go to college?†, one should always be aware of the payoff that their occupation may yield. It is also for that re ason that I again agree with Murray, that a liberal education needs to be more readily available because of the skillsRead MoreThe Liberal Arts Education Is Better Than A Education1409 Words   |  6 PagesNow that I am in college, I have pondered upon whether a liberal arts education is better than a vocational education; a topic that did not cross my mind in high school. A liberal arts curriculum includes the studies intended to primarily provide general knowledge such as language, philosophy, literature, and abstract science and to develop general intellectual capacities, such as reason and judgment, as opposed to professional or vocational skills (merriam-webster.com). As students wanting to achieveRead MoreU.s. Immigration And Border Security1007 Words   |  5 PagesKiana Thiesfeld Professor June Trudel Political Science 102 9 July 2015 U.S. Immigration; Border Security This research will address U.S. immigration, specifically border security. I will evaluate liberal and conservative views on this issue and then present my own ideas. The main view for liberals on border security is to pardon those who enter the U.S. illegally, including undocumented immigrants. This view believes that regardless of a person’s status in the U.S., they should have the same rightsRead MoreEssay On Texas State Senate989 Words   |  4 PagesI live in3811 William Dehaes Dr, Irving, Texas, 75038. 1 My Texas State Senate District is 16 and Don Huffines is the republican senator for Texas senate district 16. 2 My Texas State House District is 115 and Matt Rinaldi is the Texas house representatives for district 115. I would prefer to run for the Texas State Senate for district 16. The population of the Texas state senate district 16 is 816,670. In terms of race, the majority of population is the whites who cover 47.6% of the total populationRead MoreThe Politics And Foreign Policy1044 Words   |  5 Pagescomfortable with very liberal attitudes on many issues, including homosexuality, abortion, the environment and foreign policy. Contrary to my initial expectations of the results, I truly feel that the results of the quiz accurately describe my views flawlessly. Not only does the term Next Generation Left provide a basis for my attitude, but it also parallels with my situation both regarding sustainable finances and high quality education. Generally, I would consider myself a social liberal and fiscal conservative

How the Reformation Affected 16th Century Civilization Essay

How the Reformation Affected 16th Century Civilization When Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the door of his local monastery in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517, Europe was plunged in political and social turmoil. With only a few notable exceptions, a wave of political unity and centralization swept across the Western world. Papal power was perhaps not at its height, yet its corruption and increasingly secular values could be seen from St. Peters in Rome to John Tetzel in Germany. Furthermore, in the economically prospering towns and cities, the middle class was facing an increasing volatile political situation with the growing national monarchies. All of these factors were to only catalyze the reactionary†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, with so many taxes going to Rome, along with such practices as the immunity of the clergy, the nobility held similar views toward the Church. Hence the Reformation presented an intriguing opportunity to break with the church and to align against the emergent national rulers - particularly in the Holy Roman Empire with the Catholic Charles V in power. It would not be until the Diet of Augsburg and the subsequent formation of the Schmalkaldic League that the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire would formally align against the Catholic emperor. Despite Charles anti-Protestant proclamation at the meeting, with the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, the division of the Holy Roman Empire was firmly established. These events which transpired in the first years of the reformation will firmly establish the basis for the massive religious wars which are to sweep the continent in the coming years. Furthermore, these new Protestant alliances will come to define international politics in the next century. The impact of these first years of the Reformation perhaps will not be fully realized until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, when the Holy Roman Emperor will lose nearly all his power as some 300 German states gain their independence. The Protestant movement will bring much more than scholarly reforms to the churches of Northern Europe, changing the traditional doctrines andShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of The Renaissance1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe term ‘renaissance’, derives from the French language which translates to ‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’. Many English-speakers know of this term from its French derivative. This period in history spanned from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of the 16th century. This was transitional phase from the medieval ages to a new modern era. In Europe, the renaissance was a time of social and cultural changes. Many of the current social, cultural, and political structures in the USA have ties toRead MoreEssay on How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization1804 Words   |  8 PagesRoles of the Catholic Church in Western civilization has been scrambled with the times past and development of Western society. Regardless of the fact that the West is no longer entirely Catholic, the Catholic tradition is still strong in Western countries. The church has been a very important foundation of public facilities like schooling, Western art, culture and philosophy; and influential player in religion. In many ways it has wanted to have an impact on Western approaches to pros and cons inRead MoreNorthern Humanism, Renaissance, and Late Mannerism1960 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the sixteenth century, Europe was undergoing changes and developing two artistic styles, as well as a religious situation. These styles were known as the Northern Renaissance and late mannerism, also encountered by Reformation, which separated religious unity. During the Reformation, hostile groups known as Protestants were formed against the church because they wanted a complete renovation of the church and Roman Catholics. Late mannerism emerged at the end of the century and had little influenceRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1944 Words   |  8 Pagescharacte r’s true identity with Puritanism. The word Puritan is a term for people during the 16th and 8th century who wanted more purity in worship and doctrine. The Puritans are a group of religious people from England within the Church of England. Their goal is to purify the Church of England and to fulfil the promise of God. The Puritans believe they are God’s chosen people. Puritans thought the English Reformation had never gotten that far in reforming the Church of England. They have a zero toleranceRead MoreThe Renaissance Of The Middle Ages1991 Words   |  8 PagesItalian word â€Å"rinascita†, which means â€Å"rebirth† or the extreme and large amounts of changes that took place during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Renaissance is what brought forth the death of the Middle Ages and its what embodied the modern values of the new world for the first time. Many would describe this time as a cultural rebirth because through these centuries the entire world of art and literature was changed forever. This term also was used to describe the change in learning, which wasRead MoreThe Essential Questions5521 Words   |  23 PagesRENAISSANCE How can the Renaissance be used as a springboard for defining modernity? With the Renaissance, the interest shifted to the earthly realm of nature. In some respects, this was a good thing: nature received a more proper place. From a biblical viewpoint nature is important because it has been created by God, and is not to be despised. The things of the body are not to be despised when compared with the soul. The things of beauty are important. Sexual things are not evil of themselvesRead MoreA World Lit Only by Fire Reading Guide Essay3337 Words   |  14 PagesPaganism ( which was represented as depraved), and Christianity, ( which was represented as wholesome). 5. An example of how medieval people combined paganism with Christianity was that they built Christian churches on what were once pagan temples. 6. The Middle Ages was not a civilization due to its lack of technological advances and its lack of culture. The major institutions consisted of the Roman CatholicRead MoreHISTORICAL CONTEXT OF NURSING5706 Words   |  23 Pagesand needed to be cast out. To eliminate the evil spirits, people engaged in rituals, dance, wore masks, and made various types of sacrifices. Many tribes used special herbs, roots and vegetables to remove the â€Å"illness or death curse.† EARLY CIVILIZATION Egypt/Egyptians: Major accomplishments in health care include: 1) The first to use the concept of suture in repairing wounds. 2) The first to use community planning to decrease public health problems. 3) Developed specific laws on cleanlinessRead MoreImperialism in India6601 Words   |  27 Pageslanguage more commonly used and learned British Imperialism in India All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British How can you do these things? Theyre against your own basic values.. We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round - it was their values that made us revolt. -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32Read More The Nation of Israel Essay4548 Words   |  19 Pagespolytheistic cultures. This theological ideal served to both lay the foundation and perpetuate the formation and evolution of the world’s three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The importance and breadth of changes affected by this new ideology can be better understood in light of the fact that approximately 55.25% of the world’s population are adherents to one of these three religions (statistics from adherents.com). Within the three great religions it is generally

The Influence Of The European Age Of Exploration - 1149 Words

Europeans in the 15th through 17th centuries were conquerors as they conquered the world. They engaged in intensive exploration and early colonization of many parts of the world, and they established direct contact with Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration was during this period of time. The Age of Exploration was when the Europeans traveled around the world in search of different things. This is when Europeans conquered different parts of the world. Europeans were conquerors because conquerors are defined as a person who conquers (takes over) a place or people, and that is what Europeans in the 15th through 17th century did. Even though Europeans did explore unfamiliar areas and traded†¦show more content†¦They would explore that piece of unfamiliar land. Many lands previously unknown to Europeans were discovered during this period of time, though many were already inhabited (a person or group live in or occupy a place o r environment). Europeans who explored the new areas would conquer that new area and take it as theirs. European immigrants would do anything to conquer new land, including killing people or groups that lived there and manipulating natives into trusting them, so that they (Europeans) would have more power. With all of that said, the best way to describe the European immigrants is describing them as conquerors. The best way to describe the first wave of European immigrants is describing them as conquerors. The Europeans in the 15th through 17th century were conquerors because they wanted to expand their empire before their competition expanded to these new lands. In this period of time, Europeans conquered about eighty-four percent of the world. Also, Europeans started to â€Å"rise to the top† even when they weren’t as advanced as some of the other countries like Asia. Some of the reasons they â€Å"rose to the top† was because they were one of the first to in dustrialize (develop industries in a country or region on a wide scale), and they were immune to diseases such as smallpox. They were motivated to travel and conquer the world because inShow MoreRelatedEffects Of European Exploration On The World1252 Words   |  6 PagesEffects Of European Exploration By the late 1400’s into the 1500’s, European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. This resurgence of trade interest resulted in a demand for foreign goods and exploration of water routes. This Age of Exploration united the Americas with Europe, Asia, and Africa. The exchanges were plentiful and stabilizing for many communities. However, along with the positive influences, came the negative aspects, which impacted cultures and civilizations aroundRead MoreCcot Europe 600-1750 Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesCrusades. Another major change was the socioeconomic impact of the Age of Exploration circa 1500, which would establish European Hegemony. While economic transforma-tions occurred throughout Western Europe, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church was continuous despite fluctuations in its authority. After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE, Western Europe became divided into the Germanic Kingdoms that characterized the Middle Ages. Trade languished during this time as a result of the constantRead MoreAge Of Exploration : The Promise Of Glory1188 Words   |  5 Pages Age of Exploration: The Promise of Glory I have fully upheld Delbarton’s honor code in letter and spirit. Signature: Hunter Macy Hunter Macy October 19, 2015 European History Mr. Manno Delbarton School The Age of Exploration, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, led to a myriad of expansion for European countries, namely Spain and Portugal. The rush to the New World by Portugal and Spain during the Age of Exploration, led by men such as Hernan CortesRead MoreThe New World During The European Age Of Exploration Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the European Age of Exploration. It is considered just a subsection of the Columbian Exchange (a term coined by Alfred Crosby as well), which denotes the exchange of a number of varied items between Europe and the New World after 1492, including infectious diseases like smallpox, chicken pox, the plague, yellow fever, and the flu (Marr, Cathey 2010), but it seems that it could be and vital aspect of understanding how Europe and America existed and developed during the Age of Exploration, how theyRead MoreChristopher Columbus s Voyage Preparations And His Religious Beliefs1401 Words   |  6 Pagesand his religious beliefs, th e iconic Genoese explorer harbored many pre modern convictions. The chronology of Europeans exploration dates way back before Columbus and the Age of Exploration in the 15th century. In actuality, the Age of Exploration started with the iconic Venetian explorer Marco Polo and his own exploration in the East. Evidence indicates that in the late Middle Ages, the Venetian explorer Marco Polo voyaged to Asia (1271- 1290) in hopes of discovering a route into Asia’s silkRead MoreEuropean Colonization Of Europeans And Native Americans1503 Words   |  7 Pagescatastrophic epidemics from the European conquest. The spread of diseases between Europeans and Native Americans led to a demographic calamity. The earliest explorations from European countries introduced a plethora of diseases; these diseases hindered the Native’s population and way of life. Not only early explorations of European countries impacted the indigenous people, but the settlement and encounters with Europeans in the twentieth century did as well. Before Europeans voyaged to the New World,Read MoreThe Colonization Of China And Portugal1495 Words   |  6 Pagesmany ways, nations can be defined by their trade relationships. Before the Age of Exploration, European nations remained isolated, with most of their trade coming from neighboring countries. Similarities between nations in close proximity to one another limited the amount of influence each culture had on the other, as their proximity allowed the cultures to blend regardless of trade relations. However, as the Age of Exploration unfolded, western nations rapidly came into contact with eastern nationsRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I will examine the changes and improvements in European ship design that allowed for the first transatlantic voyage to the New World. Though the Europeans were not the first to develop the concept of the ship, they were the first to take this concept and use it to cross the Atlantic. Even before Columbus sailed across the Atlantic to the New World, Europe had a long maritime history. Before the 15th and 16th century European ship design had been relatively slow to advance from itsRead MoreThe Compass: How a Small Navigational Instrument Changed the Face of the Earth1595 Words   |  7 Pagescomponent that aligns itself with the Earth’s own magnetic pole, allowing the user to know the directions of North and South, and subsequently East and West. Due to the ease of use, and the efficiency of the compass, it played a major role in the Age of Exploration, and ergo played a major role in the shaping of today’s world. Due to its high importance, the compass was the most significant advancement in the field of navigation before 1350 A.D. Before detailing the reasons for the importance of the compassRead MoreImages Of America The European Writers902 Words   |  4 PagesImages of America the European writers constructed to promote colonization and settlement European exchanged cultures with North America when Leif Ericsson’s arrived at the new land at the year 1000. However European settlement started to spread after Columbus first voyage in 1492. In 16th century America became the golden arena for Europe and renaissance attracted adventures and opportunities for colonial aspirations of rival empires. Explorations in America increased fast and grew and by the time

Crime Story I Made free essay sample

Shouted my family from their mum and dad’s bedroom. ‘Come on we’re starting our dinner now! ’ Screamed Jane, ‘I’m coming, just cutting this last piece of fabric,’ I exclaimed. ‘Hope Nidon if you don’t get here now I will throw your food away with your designs. ’ I dropped all of my equipment and sprinted briskly downstairs towards my parent’s bedroom. ‘Sorry, I was just design the next big thing in fashion. Hey, don’t you dare tut Usher you will see in 15 years time I will be rich and famous. Isn’t that right mum? ’ ‘Yes, dear now hurry up we’re all starving. I perched myself onto the cushion on the hard concrete floor and started to eat. After we’d finish eating our food Jane, Crystal and me rushed upstairs to our squashy bedroom before our brothers try and get our stuff (especially my designs. ) ‘Luke, we’re going to see if we can get some vegetables. ’ Mum said from the doorway, Luke was the eldest so he was always in charge when mum and dad left us. Meanwhile, we all go outside and play 40/40 IT. We had such a great time laughing and playing until Angie shouted ‘Guy, come quick look mum dad I beat! ’ ‘In English please. Laughed Tyson, We all ran towards our parents getting beaten up, Luke tried to make them stop but they didn’t. When we had finished watching the horrific sight we sprinted to them and there on the ground they laid dead, bruised and bleeding. ‘Right, we are going to stay in the house at all times, look after each other and I will be the leader. ’ Luke said and from then on I had always been a housewife and had never been looked after by a parent. ‘Hello, Miss Nidon you have 2 interviews today, one with Will Smith at 2. 40 and the other with Joe Swash at 6. 00. Also, you have a press conference in 10 minutes. ’ Explains Amanda, ‘Yeah yeah I’m not stupid that’s why I’m the best in the business. ’ I reply marching along to my office. When I open the door my designs are all laid out perfectly around my room in there packages, when I go to sit down I land on a whoopee cushion. Slowly, I rotate around the office looking to see who did this. Then I see a luminous pink Primark plimsoll. Suddenly, I relies it’s my niece McKenzie, ‘OUT Kenzie now Auntie Hope has a busy schedule and on it, it doesn’t say playtime with McKenzie McKenna does it? I ask her ‘No, Auntie Hope sorry. ’ She replies and she walks out with her head hanging down. I am no softy so I carry on with my work. All of a sudden Amanda calls me via phone and says. Only the sounds of rustling newspapers and knifes and forks being used can be heard. Just what I need right now. I sit down and take of my coat waiting for a waiter or waitress. Finally, a waitress comes I ask for a full English breakfast and orange juice. While, I am waiting a musclly, dark skinned and handsome man wearing a dirty overall keeps gazing at me. I try not to look back but I can’t help it, he smiles at me and I smile back chuckling a little. I stop and fiddle with my hair and text my friends Jenny and Kelly about him. I get my food and drink eating and drinking it and leave. The next few days I see him again sitting closer and closer to where I sit. This is not occasionally, it is occurring again and again until he speaks to me and I get his number. Then we meet again this time it’s a date and I am really excited. Everything is going well until†¦ I get a phone call from Angelina Jolie asking for her bright red Jumpsuit. So I have to leave. We keep meeting each other until he asks that one sentence that could change my life forever even though I have everything anybody could ask for money, wealth, fame, fortune and happiness. But one thing is missing and that is L-O-V-E! After he proposed we made marriage plan right away and decided to get married in Paris. On Sunday afternoon, I took a day of work to sort out wedding plans and introduce Jayden Swift to my family and friends. First, I showed him to Jenny and Kelly. We had a wonderful chat together talking about the future and how we met. ‘I first was attracted to her when I saw her beautiful blue, sapphire eyes, Jet Black hair cut at a even length with a fringe and wearing a sensible suit. Because I grew up in such a rough area like Hope I didn’t know she was famous. ’ ‘Oh, sorry girls I need the toilet,’ says Jayden and then her runs off. Jenny and Kelly grab my arm and pull me towards Kelly’s room. ‘Mrs. Swift you are so stupid! ’ Says Jenny slapping my head, ‘Why him? Yes, he’s attractive but he only wants you for you fame and money! ’ Whispers Kelly, ‘No, you both don’t know what your talking about he loves me and so do I simple. ’ ‘I have had such a bad life up to this day and I’m not going to let you two ruin it for me. If you don’t like him then don’t come. ’ The faint sound of Here Comes the Bride being played softly on the piano is heard. The doors opened and everybody turned the heads to take a look at the bride (ME! ) I smile a gigantic smile showing that I am extremely happy a warm feeling is buzzing inside me as I get closer to Jay and the Priest. Jay grabs my hand and whispers ‘you look amazing. ’ I whisper back’ you’re not bad yourself. ’ Then the priest begins to ask us the questions and bless us. ‘You may now kiss the bride. Says the priest, but Jayden waits and stares at me so I kiss him. The after party was great aswel; it was in Le Brudge. At times I tended to sit out of the fun just to have a few moments wishing my parents were here to see their happy daughter. But, I had to move on and show that I appreciated what was going on now. When the after party had finished, Jay was drunk and he said many rude things to me that I th ought, why did I marry him? A few days after our honeymoon in Dubai, I went to work and jay decided to sort out the house. ‘Good Morning Mrs. Swift, you have 6 interviews and 20 meetings and your first meeting is in 2 minutes. ’ Explains Amanda, ‘thank-you and from my after party I brought you some shoulders and a mini box on personalised Thornton’s chocolates. ’ I say giggling like a child and I skipped to my office. Today was going so well until the meetings (not the interviews, I liked talking to Arnold Schwinger, Jessica Alba, Messi, Justin Timberlake, Usain Bolt and another fashion designer. ) The day went pass slowly and on my 5th meeting, I had a mine grain and am sore all over. I had to take 7 pills in total today. Taking into consideration, I had a mine grain I left during my 9th meeting in Tokyo and flew back home. It was around 11:00pm and it was pitch black only chinks of lights were flashing as the bulb was broken. As far as I knew I could have been walking into a wall or off a cliff. I had never left this late before and didn’t like it. Tentatively, I stare until my eyes hurt only making out a dark silloute which wasn’t there. I keep walking and turn around to see if someone else is there because I have a feeling I am being followed, so I keep turning around and hearing footsteps every time I didn’t. I ignore it and am nearly at my house until I heard a voice whisper ‘why aren’t you mine. ’ Its breath smelt of whisky and I was frightened. ‘Jayden, it’s not funny why would you do that? ’ I cry ‘I am as frightened as a child having a nightmare and wetting the bed. ’ ‘What are you talking about? I’ve been here and cafe rouge all day. ’ ‘Don’t lie or you’ll be out on the streets. ’ I sob, ‘Ok, it wasn’t me but I thought we should go to dinner with my friend Benji, he’ll be here any minute now. ’ He said. DING DONG DING DONG, the bell rings I go and answer it. ‘HELLO, my beautiful chee chee. Says the man who is apparently Benji and he bows and kisses me on the lips. ‘Hey, don’t kiss me I am married you know. ’ ‘Sorry, you’re just so gorgeous. ’ He chuckles and I go bright red. Jay walks over to him and they both go of and talk together. After a while, we begin to leave and head for Le Gavroche. Benji and Jay order 4 beers each and Benji orders a peri-peri meal, with a side order of frogs legs and snails and so does Jay. I order a French platter and a cocktail. I feel uncomfortable when Benji asks me about my life up to date, I only tell him about me and Jayden.

Trade Unions As The Representatives

Question: Recognising that trade unions are the representative of employees, identify the benefits and drawbacks of such unions to employers. Do trade unions still have a role in contemporary employment relations? Answer: Introduction: As a unit of workers, a trade union allows worker, employer and its member to come together and to achieve organizational goals, so that the employees and employer both can get benefit. Trade unions protect trades integrity, ensure the achievement for higher payment, benefits on retirement and health care, increment of number of employees in order to assign task for the smooth flow of work. Trade unions impose the safety standards for the employer to handle the demands and other issues related to employees and to improve working condition. Recognition of trade unions as representatives and their benefits and drawbacks to employers: Trade unions are independent of any employer. Trade unions try to build close working relationship between the employer and employees. This scenario some time takes as a partnership agreement between the trade union and employer to identify the common objectives and interest between them. To set an example, a real life scenario is included here on the trade union movement of South Africa. Trade union of South Africa is considered as a most disciplined and largest in the continent of Africa. It played a crucial role as a representative of the employees to the employers. It determines the policies, relations within the industry in country, in order to make employer-employee relationship better and to give the better environment to work together. The COSATU (Congress of South African Trade Unions) is the largest amongst the three with large number of membership of 1.8 million. Others are- ANC, FEDUSA and NACTU. They are affiliated to ITUC (Cosatu.org.za, 2015). Benefits: A trade union is recognized formally by an employer, it negotiates with employer over certain terms and conditions. This negotiation is known as collective bargaining. This is where, the bargaining councils are formed to solve the arguments of labor, collective agreements, making proposal on laws and policies for the labors. They also manage sick pay, training and unemployment schemes, pension funds, employment by the employer and other different benefits (Gordon and Maharaj, 2014). Trade union also passes collective agreement between the employers and employees, which regulate the terms and condition at workplace for the betterment of the organization. Collective agreement helps to manage duties of the employer, so that the tasks are done accordingly and organizational goals must be achieved. It can be seen as a result of the collective bargaining between the workers and an employer (Sahistory.org.za, 2015). Challenges/Drawbacks: Employers may face the demand of the higher wage from the trade union, on behalf of the employees. This trade union can cause strikes on behalf of employees, in order to fulfill the demands of the employees, which are not fulfilled in earlier stage by the management. Although employers may agree to operate while the strike is going on, as a result of this employer may need to replace the employees. This results knowledge loss, decrement in productivity and causes unemployment (Arnold, 2012). Another disadvantage occurs, when unionized worker gain more benefits and wages than the non-unionized worker. This propagates the message to those who have joined the union, can get more benefits than other employees. Though being unionized gives no guarantee that the employees will be well-trained than the non-unionized employees (Sahistory.org.za, 2015). Trade unions and their role in contemporary employment relations: New economic policies introduced a number of important changes in the position of the trade unions. Still, trade unions have the role to play between the employer and employees to have smooth flow of work and to reduce the gap between the employer and employees. Trade unions are aware of employee rights and they justify the need/ requirement of an employee to the organization or to the employer. (Masiya, 2014). Conclusion: The purpose of trade union includes negotiation of wages, complaint procedures, work rules, benefits, safety at the work place and policies. Being originated in Europe, trade unions came out as a popular group of members in many countries during industrial revolution. LRA (Labor Relation Act) guides the registration of trade unions with the employer. References Arnold, N. (2012). Leadership model for appraising employees readiness within solidarity trade union in South Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 6(35). Cosatu.org.za, (2015). Welcome to the Congress of South African Trade Unions website.... [online] Available at: https://www.cosatu.org.za/ [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Gordon, S. and Maharaj, B. (2014). Representing foreign workers in the private security industry: a South African perspective on trade union engagement. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 52(01), pp.123-149. Masiya, T. (2014). Social Movement Trade Unionism: Case of the Congress of South African Trade Unions. Politikon, 41(3), pp.443-460. Sahistory.org.za, (2015). Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) | South African History Online. [online] Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/congress-south-african-trade-unions-cosatu [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Sahistory.org.za, (2015). South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) | South African History Online. [online] Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/organisations/south-african-congress-trade-unions-sactu [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015].

Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsements for Non-Profit Organization Essay Example

Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsements for Non-Profit Organization Essay ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Every piece of written work you submit for assessment must have this cover sheet attached. Please type in your details then copy and paste to the front of your assignment and save the file ready to upload. COURSE DETAILS Course Code: RBUS2900 Course Co-ordinator: Dr. Ravi Pappu Course Name: Business Research Methods Assignment No: 2B Assignment Due Date: 28/05/2012 STUDENT CONTACT DETAILS Student Number: James Jun Qiang Low Ng Han Siong Derrick Bram Wijaya Peng Yang Cheng Student Name: 42683346 42485184 42734480 42602600 Email Address: Low. [emailprotected] com Derrick. [emailprotected] com [emailprotected] com [emailprotected] com Work submitted may be subjected to a plagiarism detection process. If this process is used, then copies of this work would be retained and used as source material for conducting future plagiarism checks. Due Date: 28/05/2012 Submitted date: 27/05/2012 RBUS2900 Business Research Methods Assignment 2B Tutorial report Cover sheet Studen t ID 42683346 42485184 42734480 42602600 Low Ng Wijaya Cheng James Jun Qiang Han Siong Bram Peng Yang WEDNESDAY, 12pm – 1pm T27 Assignment 2B TOM MAGOR Surname Given name Tutorial date time Tutorial group (e. g. T24: G1) Assignment Number Tutor’s name Time Tutor T6 Wed 12-1 Teegan T10 Wed 10-11 Teegan T14 Wed 1-2 Kim Tutorial T15 T16 Wed Wed 8-9 9-10 Tom Teegan Tutorial T24 T25 Thu Thu 11-12 3-4 Max Max T18 Wed 4-5 Kim T19 Wed 5-6 Kim T20 Tue 2-3 Kim Time Tutor T21 Tue 8-9 Rahil T22 Tue 9-10 Rahil T23 Tue 2-3 Rahil T26 Tue 12-1 Tom T27 Wed 12-1 Tom T28 Mon 10-11 Max RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B RBUS2900: BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsements We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsements for Non-Profit Organization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsements for Non-Profit Organization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsements for Non-Profit Organization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For Non-Profit Organization James Jun Qiang Low Ng Han Siong Derrick Bram Wijaya Peng Yang Cheng 5/28/2012 This is a research plan on how different celebrity related factors influence donor/volunteer perceptions of the non-profit organization endorsed. RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This proposal is written to address the concerns of PeTA in investigating the effect that celebrity endorsers have on the organisation that they endorse. In particular, three aspects of the celebrity will be analysed. Firstly, due to the high number of advertisement used by PeTA that feature near nude celebrities, this paper will analyse how does the physical attractiveness of a celebrity influence a consumer’s perception of the organisation. Secondly, as many of these celebrities are seen to endorse multiple brands, it would be beneficial for PeTA to study how does over endorsement influence the perception consumers have of PeTA. Lastly, it is proposed that should consumers perceive that celebrities are being paid for their work endorsing PeTA, it would lead to a negative effect on the perception of the organisation. It is also proposed that age, gender and education level will each have a moderating effect on the relationship that exist between each variable and the perception of PeTA. Based on the research objective, it is proposed that the most suitable research method is a pretest-posttest control group experiment whereby negative information about a celebrity’s over endorsement and income from the endorsement will be controlled and provided and the effects of this information will be analysed. This method was chosen as it allows for an isolation of the subjects into specifically just experiencing the experimental conditions. A control group allows for a more accurate detection of changes. Respondents will be selected via simple random sampling from a telephone book used as a sampling frame. The results of the experiment will then be tested using SPSS. Specifically, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, paired samples t-test and multiple regression analysis will be utilised to produce the results. Due to the need to establish cause-and-effect in the experiment, it is proposed that multiple regression analysis would be most suitable. This technique, coupled with theory, will be able to provide PeTA with a good picture of whether perception of a celebrity endorser will have an impact on the perception of the organisation. RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .. 1 1. 1 1. 2 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 Problem statement and Research Objectives Importance . 2 Perception of the organisation (Dependent variable).. 3 Attractiveness (Independent variable 1) 3 Over-endorsement by celebrity (Independent variable 2) . 4 Perceived celebrity income from endorsement (Independent variable 3) Moderating variables .. 6 Research design. 7 Research method . 7 Sampling design Data collection 9 Ethics 9 Data collection method .. 10 Figure 1 – Relationship Model Diagram 2. HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT .. 3 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 3. 4. 1 3. 4. 2 Figure 2 – Pretest-Posttest Group Experiment Method . 10 Figure 3 – Survey: Total error diagram .. 2 Table 1 – Survey errors encountered 13 3. 5 Measurement (Please refer to appendix 2 for survey questions) . 13 Perception of organisation (Dependent variable). 13 Attractiveness (Independent variable) . 14 Over-endorsement of celebrity (Independent variable) 4 Perception of income from endorsement (Independent variable) . 14 3. 5. 1 3. 5. 2 3. 5. 3 3. 5. 4 4. 1 4. DATA ANALYSIS.. 15 Procedure.. 15 Descriptive statistics. 5 Factor analysis. 15 Paired sample T-test . 16 Multiple regression analysis . 16 Factor analysis. 7 Paired samples t-test .. 17 4. 1. 1 4. 1. 2 4. 1. 3 4. 1. 4 4. 2 4. 2. 1 4. 2. 2 Expected results . 17 RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B Figure 4 – Sample paired t-test results 18 4. 3. 3 4. 3. Multiple regression analysis . 18 Discussion of outcomes . 18 References . 20 APPENDIX .. 3 Appendix 1 .. 23 Table 1a Table 1b Table 1c Table 1d Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Conceptual definitions . 23 Hypotheses .. 4 List of measures .. 25 Data analysis techniques 26 Measurement instrument (Survey) 27 Schedule .. 1 RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Problem statement and Research Objectives People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PeTA) is the largest animals rights organisation in the world with more than three million members and supporters. It uses a variety of avenues to bring forward its campaign and one of them is through the use of celebrity endorsements. (PeTA, 2012) As a result, there is a need to analyse the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in furthering the agenda of PeTA. In particular, due to the vast differences in types of celebrities as well as industries that the celebrities are based in, consumers may have a different perception of these celebrities as well as the organisation that is being endorsed. As such, a negative perception of a celebrity and his/her industry may result in transference of negative perception to the organisation being endorsed. (White, Goddard Wilbur, 2009) This is especially applicable to PeTA who endorses celebrities that come from many different industries and each celebrity varies in terms of social standing as well as reputation. As such, an investigation into the effects of celebrity perception resulting in negative information transference to the endorsed organisation will be most suitable to be undertaken for research by PeTA. Based on the problem stated above, there is a need to investigate the various aspects of a celebrity and its effect on PeTA as the endorsed organisation. Three independent factors have been established that form the perception of a celebrity and the dependent variable of the endorsed organisation. (Please refer to figure 1) RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 1 Figure 1 – Relationship Model Diagram 1. Importance The importance of this research study is to ensure a suitable fit between the celebrity and PeTA. This fit is determined by the perception of the celebrity and its effect on the perception of the organisation. By ensuring a good fit, PeTA will be able to focus more specifically on a target market that might have been otherwise unreachable due to the u nsuitable fit between celebrity and PeTA. This is with the pretext that there is a positive correlation between perception of celebrity endorser and perception of organisation. RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 2 . HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT 2. 1 Perception of the organisation (Dependent variable) Perception of the organisation is the dependent variable in the case of this study as it seeks to elaborate whether the below-mentioned independent variables will have an impact on the consumer’s perception of the organisation after they have been subjected to the exposure of the independent variables. A similar test conducted by Trimble and Rifon (2006), stated that the attitudes of the audiences toward a non-profit organisation increased when it was endorsed by a celebrity with a positive image. The variables mentioned below are similar in context with what Trimble and Rifon have done but analyses different variables and will provide a different conclusion. 2. 2 Attractiveness (Independent variable 1) Attractiveness of a celebrity has always been a factor of consideration when selecting an endorser for a product. This is particularly the case when evaluating the celebrity endorsers that have been chosen by PeTA whereby physically attractive celebrities are chosen as endorsers. It is seen that physical attractiveness is able to facilitate attitude change (Baker Churchill 1977; Caballero Pride 1984; Chaiken 1986; Horai et al. 974; Joseph 1982; Kulka Kessler 1978; Mills Aronson 1965; Mills Harvey 1972) However, not all research has demonstrated that it increases attitude change in that it causes the consumer to develop a positive perception of the product/organisation being endorsed. The Source Attractiveness Model, derived by McGuire (1985) in a study, suggests that simil arity, familiarity and likeability of a celebrity endorser will determine their effectiveness in endorsing a product. This suggest contrary to the list of articles stated that the RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 3 ttractiveness in the sense of likeability of a celebrity endorser can indeed increase the positive perception of the product/organisation that is endorsed. Hence, by studying the physical attractiveness of a celebrity endorser, especially in the light of how PeTA strongly uses physical attractiveness as an important consideration in selecting endorsers, it would be most suitable to study how the supposed perception of physical attractiveness of a celebrity will indeed affect the perception of PeTA. The hypothesis derived from this variable is as such: H1: The perceived physical attractiveness of an endorser will result in an increased positive perception of the endorsed organisation 2. 3 Over-endorsement by celebrity (Independent variable 2) Mowen and Brown (1981) in their analysis of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsers have suggested that a natural occurrence from the vast number of products endorsed by celebrities is that some celebrities tend to endorse a number of products. While ideally, it is stated that endorsers should not be tarnished by their associations with other products (Foote, Cone Belding 1978), having a â€Å"virgin† endorser would generally be highly expensive and such would not be practical. Hence, the issue of multiple endorsements by a celebrity is especially pertinent in this case because PeTA is seen to have endorsed many celebrities that might endorsed products that are contradictory to the nature of PeTA, which is to protect animals. This may cause a disparity in the perception consumers will now have over the endorsement of such celebrity of PeTA. Kaikati (1987) and Mowen and Brown (1981) have further substantiated that a celebrity endorser may be perceived to be less credible should the celebrity choose to endorse more brands and products. RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 4 Hence, it is brought forth in the next hypothesis: H2: In situations whereby celebrities are seen to endorse multiple products that might be contradictory to the nature of the organisation, there will be a decrease in positive perception of the endorsed organisation. 2. 4 Perceived celebrity income from endorsement (Independent variable 3) When endorsing a product, celebrities are often paid for their services. This is very much accepted as a service rendered, is expected to be paid for. However, the issue in studying this is especially pertinent as by being paid, it is questionable whether that celebrity is truly endorsing the product out of genuine belief in the product or solely for the monetary benefit involved. In the case of PeTA and its endorsed celebrities, it would be especially appropriate as protection of animals is more often a lifestyle and not just the usage of a particular product. The celebrity endorsing the product is expected to believe in the protection of animals and not just for the monetary benefit involved. However, does this perception of being paid for the endorsement result in a related decrease of positive perception for the organisation endorsed? Correspondence Bias (Gilbert Jones, 1986) refers to the observer’s exaggerated use of dispositional attributions, assumptions that the actor does what he does due to his internal dispositions. Kardes (1993) has related this to endorsement advertisements whereby consumers disregard the situational constraints such as the money being paid to the celebrity, due to correspondence bias and thus contributes to the effectiveness of endorsement advertisements. Cronley et al. (1999) found support for the above-mentioned theory in that participants of an experiment actually assumed that the endorser actually liked the product regardless of whether the endorser was paid or not. This was correlated to the participants’ attitudes toward the advertisement, the product and the endorser. RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 5 However, a study conduct by Sorum, Grape and Silvera (2003), had opposite results to Cronley’s 1999 experiment. There was no correspondence bias found in the study. As such, it would be most appropriate the study the supposed effects of correspondence bias on the consumers who see the PeTA advertisements and whether there is a disregard of situational constraints much like in the experiment conducted by Cronley et al. 1999) The hypothesis put forth is thus: H3: The more a celebrity is perceived to be paid for the endorsement, the more negative the perception of the organisation. 2. 5 Moderating variables This study will utilise three moderating variables in the study of the effects of perception of the celebrity endorser in relation to the perception of the endorsed organisation. It is proposed that as age dec reases, the effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable will decrease as well due to the decreased perception of the consumer of the variability of the independent variables. The Selectivity Hypothesis (Putrevu, 2001) has suggested that gender differences in information processing emerge because men are more likely to be driven by overall message themes and women are more likely to engage in detailed elaboration of messages. Hence as a moderating variable, it can be seen that gender is expected to have a moderating effect on the independent variables. Lastly, a study by Daneshvary and Schwer (2000) has concluded that education level is seen to have an impact on perception of endorsement. Lower levels of education are more impressionable to association endorsements than individuals with a college education. Education provides individuals with analytical skills to decipher information and make an RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 6 informed purchase rather than just relying on one source of information. As such, it can be said that education will have a moderating effect on the independent variables. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Research design The research design chosen for this study will be causal in nature as it seeks to understand the cause-and-effect relationships that exist. In particular, it will seek to explain the variance in the perception of the organisation, by analysing the independent variables involved and looking to infer theories and data analysis results to draw a conclusive cause of the variance in the perception of the organisation. As elaborated by Zikmund et al, â€Å"before causal studies are undertaken, researchers typically have a good understanding of the phenomena being studied. † (2010) Hence a causal design is selected due to the vast knowledge already in existence in terms of the literature on perception of an organisation as well as the perception of a celebrity endorser. However, little has been done to show any appropriate causation between the two variables especially one that is particular to the nature of a non-profit organisation. 3. 2 Research method Due to the nature of the research design, an experimental design of a pretest-posttest control group design will be used to explain the cause-and-effect relationship that is proposed between the independent and dependent variable. The subjects in the experimental group are tested before and after being exposed to the treatment. The control group will also be tested at both times but would not be subjected to the treatment. In using this design, Dimitrov and Rumrill Jr. have suggested three considerations in terms of validity of the design. The first two are pertinent to internal validation, which is the degree to RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 7 which the experimental treatment makes a difference in the specific experimental settings and the third one is in consideration of external validity which is the degree to which the treatment effect can be generalised across populations, settings, treatment variables and measurement instruments. (2003, p. 59) Maturation, an internal validity issue, occurs when biological and psychological characteristics of research participants change during the experiment, thus affecting their posttest scores. History, also an internal validity issue, occurs when participants experience an event that will affect their post-test scores. Whereas the interaction of pretesting and treatment, an external validity issue, happens when the pretest sensitises pa rticipants so that they respond differently to the treatment as they might have without the pretest. (Dimitrov Rumrill Jr. , p. 60) Maturation and History will not be an issue for the conduct of our experiment as the time lapse between the pretest and posttest phase is negligible and thus should not allow for any changes in Maturation and History. To prevent the participants from becoming sensitised and perform the experiment differently from what they would have without the pretest, we are utilising a fictional situation in order to control the knowledge of the participants on the subject. Please refer to the Data Collection portion to gain a better understanding. 3. 3 Sampling design Based on the purpose of this research, the decisions resulting from this experiment will have many strategic managerial implications. As such, the target population would be defined as the entire population in the world of people who are of suitable age to donate to a non-profit organisation. As seen from the PeTA website (n. d. ), one of the means of donating would be through credit card deductions. As such, a suitable age group would be the minimum age RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 8 group for owning a credit card, which is 18 years old. Hence the population would range from individuals of 18 years and above. Hence, the population in Australia will be subjected to a simple random sampling method to form the sample population. Chosen participants are expected to be of a variety with differing age groups, gender and income level. As such, a sampling frame of the national telephone numbers in Australia will be used. Factors to consider when determining sample size are the confidence interval needed to predict the result and the amount of standard error permissible to estimate the population parameter. Hence, based on the formula provided by Zikmund et al. (2010, p. 435), with a confidence interval of 95 percent, range of error of 0. 5 and an estimated population standard deviation of 4. 0, we will have a minimum sample size of 246. 3. 4 Data collection 3. 4. 1 Ethics Before proceeding on with data collection, the group will have to keep in mind the ethical issues involved. As researchers, the group will have to be responsible to the people who are involved in this research. Our group will adhere to these select principles such as: a. Objectivity Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose personal or financial interests that may affect research. b. Honesty RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 9 Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the public. c. Legality Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. d. Privacy Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. e. Nonmaleficence (principle of doing no harm) When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly. These are some of the principles that researchers should adhere to (Peter Steane, 2004; Shamoo A Resnik D, 2009) 3. 4. 2 Data collection method Jack R. Fraenkel, Figure 2 – Pretest-Posttest Group Experiment Method 1993 In this design, the dependant variable will be measured before and after the treatment level is presented. This allows the researcher to compute the means for pretest and posttest and measure the difference (Millsap, 2009). A scenario-based study was chosen because this RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 10 ethod allows for easier operationalising of the manipulations, providing more control over the variables (Dong, Evans Zou 2008). We have identified that we will be using communication as the mean of obtaining primary data, specifically conducting a survey. We have chosen to conduct a survey due to the following criteria (Zikmund et al. , 2010): ? ? ? Questions asked for the tested variables are internal to the respondents. Survey provides the best versatility as the research contains different type of data. As this is a low budget research project, survey is the most efficient and economical data collection method. a. Pretest Written scenarios will be created for this experiment. In the first phase of the pretest, background information of a non-profit organization (PeTA) is provided. Twenty-six questions are then tested to analyse the perceived image of the organization. In the second phase of the pre-test, a celebrity endorser (Brad Pitt) will be introduced. Positive background information about the celebrity is then given. Twelve questions are then used to test the three independent variables. . Posttest In the third phase of the experiment, negative information about the celebrity endorser is given. Information supplied is related to the three independent variables of the following settings: ? ? Attractiveness: Images of a sex scandal and a rugged image of the celebrity Multiple Endorsements: Information of celebrity endorsing for multiple brands however, contradicting to the values of the non-profit organization ? Perceive Income: Information of celebrity getting paid to endorse for a non-profit organization RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 11 Subsequently, the respondents are to fill in the twenty-six questions and twelve questions again in order to analyse the effects of the negative information. c. Procedure The survey will be conducted in an enclosed room and the participants will be seated at individual tables during the conduct of the survey. They will then be randomly selected to be either in the experiment or control group. They will also be informed that their careful consideration into each question would help the researchers evaluate celebrity endorsements on non-profit organizations. This is reminded again by the title provided at the cover page. It will also be emphasised that their participation in voluntary and confidentiality is kept at the strictest levels. This is reminded again as a disclaimer on the last page of the survey. d. Errors Figure 3 – Survey: Total error diagram The figure shows the various types of errors that might be present in survey. Particularly in our survey, we have identified the following possible errors that we might face and the control measures: RBUS2900 Business Research Method Assignment 2 Part B 12 Type of Error Random Sampling Error Response error Interviewer bias Response error Extremity bias Administrative error Interviewer error Control measures Increase the sample size from People of very extreme initial 100 to 200. backgrounds existing in randomize (Bartlett, Kotrlik, Higgins, group 2001) Interviewer introduced as As we are asking about Brad Pitt neutral parties helping to attractiveness, the respondent may facilitate the session and has answer differently due to the nothing to do with the research presence of the interviewer group (Herbert F. Weisberg, 2005) Before the start of the questionnaire, address to the As most of the questions provided respondents the importance of are a seven point semantic correct data needed to be differentiated scale, respondents collected from them, thus may just choose 1 or 7 for emphasizing our appreciation convinence to them to provide their best effort. (Ian Gregory, 2003) As there are two different sets of Make sure the experiment survey, the interviewer might issue ground is properly organize out the wrong amount

Essay Samples: Finding One That Will Be Helpful For Your Writing Needs

Essay Samples: Finding One That Will Be Helpful For Your Writing NeedsWhen you are writing an essay or report, there are many different kinds of essay samples to choose from. Some contain prose written by professionals, while others are merely samples and intended for the student. The question is how do you choose one that will be good for your writing needs?Information is essential in a piece of writing. It can help to narrow down the options of essay samples and find one that will be informational without being boring. In general, the basic rule is if the information is factual, it should be included. If the information is simple and easy to understand, it can be included. If the essay or report contains only adjectives, they should be limited to about one-fifth of the total word count.Some forms of essays samples are intended for use in grade schools. These are usually written for the child and so the writing will be descriptive and factual. These are some of the reasons that a mo re simplified style is preferred when working with such a young audience.Many of the more advanced essays samples are meant for use in college and graduate programs. Many times, the students must write more than one essay and so an essay sample can be a great tool for finding one that will work for their purposes. The first thing to remember is that the entire length of the essay must be around one thousand words. This is a minimum word count.The information has to be used correctly. That means that the grammar and punctuation have to be perfect. The topic is also important. Some topics that are often chosen for advanced courses are scientific, historical or technical.These essay samples are written by professionals who know how to effectively convey the information needed for a presentation. They are often given in conjunction with the writing task because they are written to present the concepts in a more impressive way. The sentences need to be short and concise. They need to be able to convince the reader that they have understood the information provided.The common problem with these essays is that they may be repetitive. If they do not mention another academic paper that was written and is similar to the topic, then this may not be informative enough. Often, students do not want to read essays with the same format over again. However, it is necessary to present information in as much detail as possible.The information found in these types of essays will be extremely useful. The student will find that the specific class or topic will provide the information needed to present the course material effectively. The student will also be able to create a thesis statement based on the knowledge gained.