Pinecone Fish Facts and Information

The pinecone fish (Monocentris japonica) is also known as the  pineapple fish, knightfish, soldierfish, Japanese pineapple fish, and dick bride-groom fish. Its distinctive markings leave no doubt as to how it got the name pinecone or pineapple fish: it looks a bit like both and is easy to spot. Pinecone fish are classed in the Class Actinopterygii.  This class is known as ray-finned fishes because their fins are supported by sturdy spines.   Characteristics Pinecone fish grow to a maximum size of about 7 inches but are usually 4 to 5 inches in length. The pinecone fish is bright yellow in color with distinctive, black-outlined scales. They also have a black lower jaw and a small tail. Curiously, they have a light-producing organ on each side of their head. These are known as photophores, and they produce a symbiotic bacteria that makes the light visible.The light is produced by luminescent bacteria, and its function is not known. Some say that it may be used to improve vision, find prey, or communicate with other fish. Classification This is how the pinecone fish is scientifically classified: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: Beryciformes  Family: Monocentridae  Genus: Monocentris  Species: japonica Habitat and Distribution The pinecone fish are found in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, including in the Red Sea, around South Africa and Mauritius, Indonesia, Southern Japan, New Zealand, and Australia. They prefer areas with coral reefs, caves, and rocks. They are commonly found in waters between 65 to 656 feet (20 to 200 meters) deep. They may be found swimming together in schools. Fun Facts Here are a few more fun facts about the pinecone fish: It is popular in tropical aquariums because of its unique appearance. Despite that popularity, the pinecone fish is known to be hard to keep.They eat live brine shrimp and are more active at night. During the day, they tend to hide more.There are four species of pinecone fish:  Monocentris japonica, Monocentris meozelanicus, Monocentris reedi,  and  Cleidopus gloriamaris.  They are all members of the Family  Monocentridae.They are usually a yellow or orange color with scales outlined in black.  Ã‚  The fish are considered on the more expensive side, making them less common in home aquariums. Sources Bray,  D. J.2011,  Japanese Pineapplefish,  , in Fishes of Australia. Accessed January 31, 2015.Monocentris japonicaMasuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p., via FishBase. Accessed January 31, 2015.  Mehen, B. Weird Fish of the Week: Pinecone Fish. Practical Fishkeeping. Accessed January 31, 2015.

Sociological Group Matrix Essay - 1689 Words

University of Phoenix Material Melanie Deutsch * August 20, 2012 Sociological Group Matrix Schaefer (2011) defines a group as â€Å"any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis† (p. 111). Complete the Social Group Matrix by identifying and describing the relationship between yourself and the members of any social group you are a part of. Group description Identify the group. The group I chose is my place of employment – Little School House of Altoona (preschool/child care facility). This business is owned by a husband and wife. The husband is considered the owner, business manager, cook, and†¦show more content†¦She is not a planner either which is conflicting with what I do in the afternoon, as I never know what she is going to do in the morning. The other conflict is each teacher being responsible for his or her room before their shift ends. Finally, I talked with the owner and the director about cleaning their rooms before they left for the day, as I did not have time to clean their rooms, besides mine, and the bathrooms at the end of the day. After our talk, things have been much better, now I just have to spot check the center, and I can actually leave the center at descent time. Instead of a half hour after the center closed. Role of language Explain the role of language, and describe the components of nonverbal communication in the group. In the center we use positive phrases like â€Å"walking feet† or â€Å"quiet feet,† instead of no running. â€Å"Inside voices,† instead of shouting. Sing songs for transitioning from one activity to the next. For instance, need to clean room before we go outside, we would sing a clean-up song. Instead of nagging at them to pick up the toys. If the song does not help, I put the basket for the toys next to the specific toy and say everyone pick up the blocks or let’s see who can pick up the most. If we have a lot of toys out – each person will have a basket and a specific area to clean-up. Each teacher has an extra room they are responsible for. For instance, the blue room is nearShow MoreRelatedSociological Theories In The Movie The Matrix824 Words   |  4 Pagesfreeing humans from the Matrix. Similar to Neo’s story, this is only the beginning, the beginning of a discussion of the sociological concepts within the movie, The Matrix. The Matrix is a movie about machines, with artificial intelligence, who use humans for energy by inserting humans minds into a program called â€Å"The Matrix.† The movie follows a character named Neo, who is believed to the â€Å"The One,† the person who will save the humans from the machines. 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Consumer Behavior Assignment - Evaluative Criteria

Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to elaborate the factors which are considered by individuals before selecting an occupation. Choosing an occupation is indeed a major decision of everyones life and it does give a shape to where he would be heading in the course if time. The report begins with a list of various occupations which have been going since the human civilization started though it has indeed changed its form to a large extent. Amongst all the occupations mentioned, six are chosen which are quite different from each other and are quite prevalent in the society. After those different evaluation criteria which are used by the individual before selecting a job is made, and from all the possible factors, some important ones like income, job security, interest, skills, social status, risk and comfort are considered to be important. A decision matrix is prepared and three respondents are asked to give their ranking to the different criteria of evaluation. The findings of the matrix ar e discussed after that. The last part of the report explains how the factors like demographics and personality affect the decision making process when selecting a job. Interesting findings are shown throughout the report evidencing how different individuals are different from each other when it comes to making decisions about themselves. The report ends with a conclusion of the main findings in the report where in personality is given an important position as that is what affects how decisions are made about selection of an occupation. List of potential different occupations In the present era of globalisation, there is a vast amount of choice available for people to choose from and analysing what their skills and interests are plays an important role in selecting a career which they want to pursue. The youth can choose from a wide variety such as accounting, agricultural, finance, construction, creative, education, healthcare, medical science, IT, telecommunications, management, manufacturing, professional, repair and maintenance, sales and marketing, service related, technical, transport etc (Tieger, Paul D.; Barbara Barron-Tieger 1999). The list of six different occupations amongst many is as follows: Flight Attendants Truck Drivers and Deliver Workers Lawyers Market Researchers Actors Police Officer Evaluative criteria or a list of factors that are considered by individuals before selecting a career: There are many factors which an individual thinks before deciding what career he wants to pursue. This obviously depends on persons and what his thought are and what kind of perceptions he holds towards life. Some individuals also think that they would not be able to handle instructions from other people and thus they take the option of being a sole proprietor and start up their own business. It also depends to an extent on how he has been brought up in his family and what has been the family scenario. The individual gives a thought on many factors before deciding a specific career which includes interests, natural skills and abilities, introversion and extroversion, goals and rewards, work attitudes, training and education, availability of jobs, priorities, growth opportunities, accessibility, level of comfort, prestige and respect offered, ease in changing to a different career or shifting of career, passion for the role selected, compassion, peer pressure and approval from home an d parents, income, job security, ability to travel, ability to relocate, working hours, facilities available, variety, challenge or risk associated with the job, social status etc. Amongst this, the following are put in the matrix which is considered to be important for the selection of career by an individual. The scale used in this decision matrix is based on the following scale: 1-5 where one indicates least important and five indicates very important. The decision matrix was filled by asking 3 respondents which included me as well. After a careful analysis of this decision matrix, the following points can be highlighted. Interest scored the highest score across all different occupations and different evaluation criteria. Actors, lawyers and police officers are perceived to have very high social status amongst different occupations. Flight attendants and Drivers have not given any importance to social status and they think that they are not given that importance amongst other occupations. It was interesting to note that Actors enjoyed a very positive response from all the three respondents as they felt that fame came along with it. Thus respondents had a feeling that they would enjoy a social status which cannot be met by any other occupation. Further probing of the three respondents revealed that they were not too keen to become actors as they grew up and became more mature. They had this fascination when they were young but the parents pressurized them to keep their focus to studies and do not imitate what is being done by celebrities and on television (Pittenger, D. J. 2004). Respondents also felt that the friends and family were gave high importance to occupations like lawyers and police officers as the family took pride if some of their relatives were in these profession then they were considered very educated and took part in the important decision making in the family (McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., Costa, P. T., Ozer, D. J. 2006). The most likely occupation in which the respondents are likely to engage in based on the matrix is Lawyer as the same has given a maximum score of importance and satisfaction for the respondent. However, that is not the case with all the three respondents as none of them is a lawyer by profession in actual. The various reasons given by them were different. One of the respondents said that he could not study further after school due to financial constraints and that led him to work as a music DJ in parties and the primary reason amongst many was income as that would deliver immediate cash on hand after every party and that was required by the family at that moment. The second reason was though it was a good profession to be associated with but involve giving lot of costs in the form of time and effort (Asendorpf, J. B. 2003). There has been a trend of getting into the corporate world after completing professional degrees like MBA, BBA amongst the youth all over the world. Due to the ever increasing globalisation, students from all over the places go abroad for completing their higher education in lieu of getting a job in the country they go for higher studies. Mostly students from less developed countries go to study to developed countries with an intention of settling and migrating their permanently. In this particular case, where three respondents are probed and rank on different evaluation criteria, their behavior suggests that it is a matter of pride to have more than one offer when they are searching an opportunity so that they can evaluate their options and select the best option available (Keirsey, David 1998). They are certainly overwhelmed if they more than two options to search from and more if the opportunities are closely matched with each other. Again, it is not about having many offers; it is certainly about getting the best job which is right in every sense for them. People have a perception that they would start working in an organisation for initial experience and then would switch over the job after they have enough experience in that line so that avail the benefits of a better job. The organisation view this frame of mind of the young generation negatively as they think that they have invested considerably o ver a long period of time in the individual and the retus of the same should be enjoyed by the organisation for their welfare. It has been seen that job seekers feel that no job or occupation is perfect for them as if they do get into something which they enjoy then it is generally not supported by good wages or compensation and if it has the support of a good compensation or salary package then it would either require a high set of skill set or education and sometimes a requirement of experience so that the organisation hiring gets the perfect match for their maximum welfare (Bess, T.L. Harvey, R.J. 2001). The beauty of this society we live in that everything is interconnected to each other and the services of one are required by others. To further explain this point, the following example can be used- if someone has access to funds and wants to fulfill the needs of the general public by opening a institution for films, then he can open up the institute but would need to hire professional actors as he would not be able to do all the things on his own. He would then hire a few actors and following that he would sell the services to the general public for whom ultimately this has been done. He would ask for a price from his customers for their entertainment and would then give out the wages to his employees. Thus, the society is interconnected that someone has the talent to make others laugh or stimulate their emotions. Someone has access to funds so that it opens an institution like this one. Thus, an individual should seek to choose the job wherein he would give his maximum output or e fficiency so that he becomes a great asset not only for himself but also for the society as a whole (Bestein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart, Roy 2008). The behavior of the respondents can be explained using the following attributes: Demographics Age: Age plays an important in selection of a career as a person is expected to make rational decisions as he gets older and not get carried away or influenced by his or her peers. Sometimes, in a young age the family decides for the person as to what career or occupation he has to select Gender: Females are expected to get into an occupation where in less amount of physical effort is required and it is not the case with the male category as they do get thrilled by exciting and adventurous jobs as well. Family situation: This is one of the most important factor amongst everything as a person is expected to get emotional when it comes to his family and when he sees that the family is under pressure, then he would make decisions which would leave apart his own interests and would look for opportunities where in the family gets the support financially (Fuham, A., Crump, J. 2005). Income: Income is what people are working for in their everyday. Even the basic necessity of life is bought by the virtue of money or income. People are in constant pursuit of a healthy and a rich standard of living for which they need a steady income and thus it heavily affects their respective decision of selecting a job where in they get eluded by an offering which promises them of making their dreams come true in life (Pittenger, D. J. 2004). Ethnicity: Many recruiters are seen asking during their selection cycle or during an interview about their ethnicity, their religion, caste and origin as these factors do tend to affect the attitude and belief of the individual. It has been seen that the origin and the conditions have been brought right from his childhood has a great impact on what kind of occupation he selects for the times to come. Personality Personality refers to psychological classification of different types of individuals. They are different from personality traits of an individual as a personality trait embodies a smaller grouping of behavioral tendencies. People are introverts or extroverts and thus they choose to go into different types of occupation as an extrovert is more likely to be engaged in activities of public speaking and meeting people, meeting potential clients is a very important attribute of making and winning business in todays generation. Being able to handle and encourage healthy conversation is yet another personality trait that the employers are looking for are which certainly affects the decision making process of the individual when carefully selecting amongst many options available for different occupations (Zeisset, Carolyn 2006). Conclusion Every day in our life we see people of different age groups, different shape and size, wearing different clothes and doing different jobs. This certainly adds a lot to the beauty of the world we are living in. The difference in the appearance is not the only factor, they have differences in their personalities and they way they make decisions in their lives and also how they make certain decision in their life. Many a times it is seen that people are seen complaining about their current occupation and expresses their desire to change it very soon as and when they would get a chance. Personality traits are no doubt temporary sometimes and people do become impulsive when they see an immediate opportunity in front of them and tend to make immediate and short term resolutions to their problems. Overall, this report has indicated why people choose to get into different occupations even though some of them are high paying and more secure, it all gets down to what the circumstances and the mental frame of the person is at that moment of time when he happens to take the decision. It also highly depends on what are the interest and skills of the individual is regarding the occupation he seeks to get into.

Multicultural Leadership Organizational Culture

Questions: 1. What challenges would you anticipate in creating a shared vision for this changed organisation 2. What internal and external environmental factors should you consider in carving out a multicultural leadership path that will support the success of your organisation? 3. How might you need to work differently to cultivate the organisational support within the different business units that is necessary to ensure the success of your multicultural leadership effort? Answers: 1. Creating a shared vision for an organization can be particularly challenging. Lack of adequate resources is on e of the most common challenges that I would anticipate. Shared vision cannot be implemented in an organization if there are no adequate resources for creating plans. Resistance to change is also another possible challenge; the shared vision might not get approval from all cultures. (Day,2014). 2. A number of factors need to be considered in carrying out multicultural leadership. Among these is the organization culture the set of values and behavior that define on organization, to be considered also are personal attributes. Different employees possess different attributes and they should be accepted just as they are. Nature of the industry and national culture also need to be considered. 3. A leader needs to encourage teamwork in the work place by encouraging all employees to live together as a family regardless of their cultures (Schein, 2010). They can also assign group tasks to diverse groups to enable them to coexist peacefully. Leaders can also take time to learn about different cultures and transfer the same knowledge to their subordinates .This will not only provide new insights but it will also encourage and acceptance because different assumptions about different cultures will be expelled, References: Day, D. V. (2014). The Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations. New York : Oxford University Press, Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.

30 Famous Bilingual French Quotes

30 Famous Bilingual French Quotes French quotes are a fun and interesting way to learn some French vocabulary. The quotes below are short, famous, and easy to memorize. The quotations are grouped in sections according to their content so that you can find just the right saying to impress your family, friends, and colleagues- French or American- with your command of this Romance language. Each Fench quote is followed by its English translation as well as the person who made the statement. Right and Wrong Truth, like beauty, may be in the eye of the beholder, but in French, there are many ways to say that you think- actually know- that you are right and others are wrong. Prouver que jai raison serait accorder que je puis avoir tort.Proving that I am right would be admitting that I could be wrong.- Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais Il ny a pas de verità ©s moyennes.​There are no half-truths.- Georges Bernanos On nest point toujours une bà ªte pour lavoir à ©tà © quelquefois.Being a fool sometimes does not make one a fool all the time.- Denis Diderot Thought and Existence Widely regarded as the father of modern philosophy, Renà © Descartes uttered four famous words- I think, therefore I am.- which are even briefer in Latin, the language he used to create the dictum: Cogito, ergo sum. Descartes motivated humans to begin thinking about the meaning of thought and existence, but other French notables also had interesting things to say on the subject. Je pense, donc, je suis.I think, therefore, I am.-  Renà © Descartes Imaginer cest choisir.To imagine is to choose.- Jean Giono Le monde a commencà © sans lhomme et il sachà ¨vera sans lui.The world began without man and it will end without him.- Claude Là ©vi-Strauss La Raison cest la folie du plus fort. La raison du moins fort cest de la folie.​Reason is the madness of the strongest. The reason of those less strong is madness.- Eugà ¨ne Ionesco Dans une grande à ¢me tout est grand.In a great mind everything is great.- Blaise Pascal Books and Art As one of the countries that helped usher in the  Renaissance  centuries ago, France has also produced many thinkers who have commented on great books and great art. Le livre est lopium de lOccident.Books are the opium of the West.- Anatole France LÅ“uvre dart, cest une idà ©e quon exagà ¨re.A work of art is an idea that someone exaggerates.- Andrà © Gide Les livres sont des amis froids et sà »rs.Books are cold and certain friends.-​  Victor Hugo Le monde est un livre dont chaque pas nous ouvre une page.The world is a book- with each step we open a page.  - Alphonse de Lamartine Un peuple malheureux fait les grands artistes.An unhappy nation makes great artists.- Alfred de Musset Les chefs-dÅ“uvre ne sont jamais que des tentatives heureuses.Masterpieces are never anything else but happy attempts.- George Sand Écrire, cest une faà §on de parler sans à ªtre interrompu.​Writing is a way to talk without being interrupted.- Jules Renard Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Liberty, equality, fraternity is the national French motto. The words marked the  end of absolute monarchy  and  the birth of the sovereign nation  in 1792, after the French Revolution. Not surprisingly, many French thinkers have had plenty to say on the subject. Les Franà §ais sont des veaux.French people are calves.- Charles de Gaulle On nous apprend vivre quand la vie est passà ©e.They teach us to live when life is past.- Michel de Montaigne La libertà © est pour la Science ce que lair est pour lanimal.Liberty is to science what air is to animals.- Henri Poincarà © Tous pour un, un pour tous.All for one, one for all.  -  Alexandre Dumas Un homme seul est toujours en mauvaise compagnie.A lone man is always in poor company.- Paul Valà ©ry Miscellaneous Thoughts Many French sayings dont fit neatly into any single category, but they are thought-provoking, nevertheless. Je me sers danimaux pour instruire les hommes.I use animals to teach men.-  Jean de La Fontaine La science na pas de patrie.Science has no homeland.- Louis Pasteur Tout commence en mystique et finit en politique.Everything begins mystically and ends politically.- Charles Pà ©guy Plus loffenseur mest cher, plus je ressens linjure.The more dearly I hold the offender, the more strongly I feel the insult.- Jean Racine Être adulte, cest à ªtre seul.To be an adult is to be alone.- Jean Rostand On ne voit bien quavec le coeur.We see well only with the heart.- Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry Lenfer, cest les autres.Hell is other people.- Jean-Paul Sartre vaillant coeur rien dimpossible.For a valiant heart nothing is impossible.- Jacques Coeur Dis-moi ce que tu manges, je te dirai ce que  tu es.Tell me what you eat and Ill tell you what you are.- Anthelme Brillat-Savarin Va, je ne te hais point.Go, I dont hate you.- Pierre Corneille​

What Leadership Looks Like in Different Cultures Essays

What Leadership Looks Like in Different Cultures Essays What Leadership Looks Like in Different Cultures HYPERLINK "https://hbr.org/search?term=tomas+chamorro-premuzic" Tomas Chamorro- Premuzic Michael Sanger MAY 06, 2016 What makes a great leader? Although the core ingredients of leadership are universal (good judgment, integrity, and people skills), the full recipe for successful leadership requires culture-specific condiments. The main reason for this is that cultures differ in their implicit theories of leadership, the lay beliefs about the qualities that individuals need to display to be considered leaders. Depending on the cultural context, your typical style and behavioral tendencies may be an asset or a weakness. In other words, good leadership is largely personality in the right place . Research has shown that leaders' decision making , communication style, and dark-side tendencies are influenced by the geographical region in which they operate . Below we review six major leadership types that illustrate some of these findings. Decision Making The synchronized leader. Follow-through is key to being seen as leadership material in regions such asNortheast Asia (e.g., Mainland China, South Korea, and Japan), Indonesia, Thailand, the UAE, and much of Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Chile). In order to ascend the organizational ranks, such leaders must seek consensus on decisions and drive others through a keen process orientation.Business cycles can take longer as a result. But once all stakeholders are onboard, the deal needs to close fast or there is risk of jeopardizing the agreement. Synchronized leaders tend to be prudent and are more focused on potential threats than rewards. The opportunistic leader. Leaders who self-initiate and demonstrate flexibility on how to achieve a goal tend to be more desirable in Germanic and Nordic Europe (Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway), the UK, Western countries on which the UK had substantial cultural influence (the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand), and Asian countries that based their governing and economic institutions on theBritish model(India, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong). More or less individualistic, these leaders thrive in ambiguity. However, checking in frequently with team members is advised to ensure others keep up with changing plans. Opportunistic leaders tend to be ambitious risk takers. Communication Style The straight-shooting leader. In some regions employees expect their leaders to confront issues straightforwardly . In Northeast Asia and countries like the Netherlands, excessive communication is less appealing in the leadership ranks people just want you to get to the point. Accordingly, task-oriented leaders are preferred. Impromptu performance review meetings with direct reports occur more commonly in these locations, and leaders address undesirable behaviors from team members as soon as they are observed.Straight-shooting leaders tend to be less interpersonally sensitive. The diplomatic leader. In certain countries communication finesse and careful messaging are important not only to getting along but also to getting ahead. In places like New Zealand, Sweden, Canada, and much of Latin America, employees prefer to work for bosses who are able to keep business conversations pleasant and friendly.Constructive confrontation needs to be handled with empathy. Leaders in these locations are expected to continuously gauge audience reactions during negotiations and meetings. These types of managers adjust their messaging to keep the discussion affable; direct communication is seen as unnecessarily harsh. Diplomatic leaders tend to be polite and agreeable. Dark-side tendencies The "kiss up/kick down" leader. When organizations emphasize rank, emerging leaders tend to develop unique coping skills. It is a leader's job to implement mandates from above with lower-level employees. If overused, this strength can lead to a "kiss up/kick down" leadership style, characterized by excessive deference or sudden attention to detail when reporting up, and issuing fiery directives or refusing to compromise when commanding subordinates. Though never a good thing, this derailer is tolerated more in certain countries, such as Western Asia (Turkey, India, UAE), Serbia, Greece, Kenya, and South Korea. "Kiss up/kick down" leaders tend to be diligent and dutiful with their bosses but intense and dominating with their reports. The passive-aggressive leader. Some leaders become cynical, mistrusting, and eventually covertly resistant, particularly under stress. These reactions usually occur when the individual is forced to pursue an objective or carry out a task without being won over or in theabsence of sound rationale. Though being overtly cooperative while maintaining a level of skepticism can be beneficial ingroup settings, these behaviors

Capter one question and chapter 6 Case Study (International Business) Essay

Capter one question and chapter 6 Case Study (International Business) - Essay Example These ventures are also subject to restrictions that are not found locally. You can expect to face four different types of risk during this proposed expansion. Cultural risks include unfamiliar ethics and negotiation styles, while commercial risks come from potentially weak international partners, as well as increased operational costs. Additional threats come from currency differences, and country risks that are closely tied to the national political system of each participating nation. I hope that you will research these factors prior to launching an international campaign. I am certain that you will come to understand the importance of altered strategy in international business endeavors, at which time I would be happy to offer further assistance should you desire. The assigned case presents the factors that have allowed Hyundai to become a leading force in the international automobile industry. They are introduced as one of the few auto businesses to maintain profits during the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Several suggestions are offered to explain the success. The company benefits from local influences like the availability of skilled labor for low costs, and the advantage of a weak domestic currency that made international customers interested in their products. Demanding South Korean consumers also inspired a highly competitive local market that requires consistently high quality, exceptional customer experience, and regular innovations in order to compete. These standards contributed to the original success of Hyundai entering foreign markets. Another important influence is global integration achieved through diversifying the locations of operations, though this also presents the threat of excess capacity. Hyundai`s success is ultimately attributed to their determination to remain committed to growth despite external financial crises. 1. The local population provides

Gender Reassignment Surgey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Reassignment Surgey - Essay Example The first one is that newborns may be born with sex deformities and must then be assigned to either the male or the female sex at the earliest possible time (Encyclopedia of Surgery, 4). The second reason is that some men or women may believe that they were physically born of a sex different from their mental and emotional make-up. This belief is powerful enough to trigger their desire to have the surgery (Encyclopedia of Surgery, 4). Some considerations for the surgery affect the sex change and often dictate its progress. Many of these surgeries are being performed in the US and are estimated to number about 100 to 500 on an annual basis (Encyclopedia of Surgery, 6). The conversion from male to female involves the removal of the penis, the reshaping of the tissue to make them appear more female, and the construction of a vagina; the vagina is often constructed through skin grafting and through an isolated loop of the intestine (Encyclopedia of Surgery, 7). Female hormones are taken by the patient in order to reshape the contours of the body and stimulate breast enlargement. The other side of the coin – female to male sex change – has not had as much success as male to female sex change, primarily because of the difficulty in creating a functioning penis from the small clitoral tissue in the female genitalia (Devor, p. 51). Penis construction is often carried out after a year from the primary surgery to remove the female organs. The breasts are also modified in order to give them a more masculine appearance. Before sex change operations are carried out, patients are often asked to undergo an in-depth psychological counseling in order to determine what their intentions are and whether or not they are prepared to meet the consequences and the implications of their choice. It is after all an irreversible procedure; therefore, the patient must not have any second thoughts or doubts about the surgery (Encyclopedia of Surgery, 15). It

Needs Assessment of the Diabetic Patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Needs Assessment of the Diabetic Patient - Essay Example Diabetes II finds that insulin is produced by the pancreas but it is ineffective in carrying out total body functions where the insulin is desperately needed to be regulated (Rubin 1999). Furthermore, just as this current patient faces issues of obesity, many adult patients who suffer with Diabetes II are quite regularly classified as being moderately overweight to points of morbid obesity as well which again is an issue that further complicates the treatment process. Since insulin therapy is ineffective in the treatment and management of Diabetes II and also because the majority of people with this form of diabetes are obese the most popular and beneficial treatment regimens that have been implemented into the care of patients has been an appropriate exercise routine with proper diet and nutrition mapped out for them. Seemingly this would be the appropriate guidelines for the current patient. Therefore the two main goals of the management plan for this patient will be to decrease hi s weight with an exercise program and to monitor his dietary and fluid intake on a weekly basis as well. Firstly, before an in-depth management program can begin with this patient there needs to be an initial development of a good interpersonal relationship between the primary care manager and the patient himself. Because patients with Diabetes II are sometimes severely obese the medical provider needs to have the clear awareness that this patient might suffer with depression and anxiety due to his physical appearance. Therefore, it should be the goal of the care giver to build a position of trust and faith between him or herself and the patient in order to provide a high quality care plan to manage the Diabetes (Aggleton & Chalmers 2000). Nurses who use an interpersonal approach have been found to be able to correctly assist patients in planning a strategic alternative to gaining control over a disease such as Diabetes II. This is due to the fact that an interpersonal approach utilizes techniques that are more thorough than a traditional nurse/ patient evaluation. For instance, the sk ills used are normally observing, questioning, examining, and testing and measuring to ascertain whether the patient will be able to meet the set goals being designed for them (Roper et al 1996). It is believed that this type of approach will be best for this patient in that it will build the proper relationship in order to work as a joint team in the management of the patients' illness. Furthermore, with regard to correctly acquiring this patient's information so that medical treatment and evaluation can be carried out, nurses and all medical care providers have to be careful not to tread over the stipulations that the NMC has specified when working with patients. This specific code states that, "nurses should protect all confidential information concerning patients obtained in the course of professional practices and make disclosure only with consent" (NMC 2002). This of course draws on the ethical and legal aspects of properly caring

Female Athlete Triad: Energy, Menstruation and Bone Density

Female Athlete Triad: Energy, Menstruation and Bone Density â€Å"Define the term the Female Athlete Triad. Explain the interaction between the various elements of the triad and their effects on health and human performance† Introduction The female athlete triad refers to the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density (BMD), which may have clinical manifestations including eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis (Nattiv et al. 1994). It is unfortunately a disorder which often goes unrecognised in female athletes. The female athlete triad is caused by an energy drain where there is a caloric deficitdue to the athletes energy expenditure exceeding herdietary energy intake (Nattiv et al. 1994). Whether known to the athlete or not, thislow level of energy availability causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis,which results in decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)pulsatility and low luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (Loucks 1990). This then leads to a decreased estrogen production which causes menstrual dysfunction. These decreased estrogen levels in turn affect calcium resorption and bone accretion, which cause decreased bone health (Gottschlich Young, 2006). The 3 components of the triad are all inter-related through physiological and psychological means as shown in Fig. 1. The common psychological pressures to repeatedly put in a performance of optimal standard and often the perceived requirement to maintain a low body mass for certain sports, result in a large amount of training. This large amount of training combined with a low energy intake, and also in addition to the stress hormones produced by psychological stress, may lead to a physiological alteration in the endocrinological control of the menstrual cycle, which may lead to the athlete becoming amenorrhoeic. The consequence of becoming amenorrhoeic through dysfunction of the hypothalamus and pituitary is that the production of oestrogen will decrease. This hormone has a major role in maintaining adequate BMD. Therefore, a hypo-oestrogenic state is associated with a low BMD and an increased risk of osteoporosis (Birch, 2005). Not all sufferers have all 3 components of the female athlete triad however. In recent years, new studies are continuing to emerge indicating that even having just1 or 2 elements of the triad significantly increases these womens long-term morbidity. In addition to this, a study by Burrows et al. (2007) has suggested that the current triad elements do not identify allwomen at risk from the syndrome,rather thatcriteria such as exercise-related menstrual alterations, disordered eating, and osteopenia may be more appropriate (Gottschlich Young, 2006). Eating disorders There is a reduced energy availability (the amount of dietary energy remaining for other body functions after exercise training such as cellular maintenance, thermogenesis, immunity, growth, reproduction, and locomotion) associated with disordered eating which is the result of an exercise energy expenditure greater than a dietary energy intake. This compensation by physiological mechanisms to reduce the amount of energy made available to these functions tends to restore energy balance in the body and promote survival, but consequently impairs health. Extreme cases of eating disorders could include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Many athletes do not meet the strict criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa that are listed by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fig. 2) but will however, manifest similar disordered eating behaviours as part of the triad syndrome (Hobart and Smucker, 2000). The term anorexia athletica or â€Å"disordered eating† has been used to distinguish between pathological anorexia and eating disorders associated with training and sports performance. The criteria for this include perfectionism, compulsiveness, competitiveness, high self motivation, menstrual disturbances, and at least one unhealthy method of weight control such as fasting, vomiting, and use of diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics (Birch 2005). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as mentioned above was reviewed by the American Psychiatric Association (2000) to include a more comprehensive classification of eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) for athletes who do not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Fig. 3). Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea Some clinical menstrual disorders are obvious to affected women such as oligomenorrhea (menstrual cycles ≠¥ 35 days) and amenorrhea (no cycles for > 90 days), but sub-clinical menstrual disorders are not, e.g. luteal deficiency and anovulation. Amenorrhea may be caused by a wide range of organic diseases, genetic abnormalities, energy deficiency, and stress. Medical tests are required to diagnose the etiology of amenorrhea so that appropriate care can be offered to sufferers of the syndrome (Manore et al. 2007). Amenorrhea that is related to athletic training and weight fluctuation is caused by changes in the hypothalamus which result in decreased levels of estrogen. Amenorrhea in the female athlete triad, according to (Hobart and Smucker, 2000), can be classified as primary or secondary: Primary amenorrhea: no spontaneous uterine bleeding in the following situations: (a) by the age of 14 years without the development of secondary sexual characteristics, or (b) by the age of 16 years with otherwise normal development. Secondary amenorrhea: the absence of menstrual bleeding in a female for (a) 6 months with primary regular menses, or (b) 12 months with previous oligomenorrhea. The type of amenorrhea caused by low energy availability associated with eating disorders is classified as functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). In FHA, ovarian function is suppressed by an abnormally slow frequency of luteinising hormone (LH) pulses in the blood. LH pulsatility is regulated in part by neurological pathways originating in specialised neurons which can sense the availability of oxidisable metabolic fuels (Wade Jones, 2004). There are many causes of menstrual disorders, many of which are not completely understood. Pulsatile release of luteinising hormone is decreased, which leads initially to luteal phase defects. In addition, women with luteal phase defects and amenorrhoea will have higher concentrations of growth hormone and cortisol and lower concentrations of leptin, insulin, and triodothyronine when compared with sedentary women. These hormones are related to metabolism, which means they are also related to nutritional and metabolic status. When these hormones indicate that energy availability is low over a period of time, the menstrual cycle will be temporarily suppressed in order to conserve energy (Birch 2005). Osteoporosis Osteoporosis, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced skeletal fragility and increased risk of fracture (Otis et al. 1997). This is the final component of thefemale athlete triadwhich exists on a continuum from optimal bone health to osteoporosis and focuses on bone strength, which consists of BMD and bone quality. Bone quality refers to bone turnover rates (resorption versus formation, time for maturation of the new bone matrix, microarchitecture or trabeculae, bone geometry and size, etc.).The inability to measure bone quality at this time leaves one half of the equation for bone health empty and offers an explanation for why some athletes may suffer more fractures even if they have the same poor bone density as their peers. Therefore, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are used as a quantitative measure of bone health. (Gottschlich Young, 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidelines on how to classify BMD using dual energy radiographic absortiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis is defined as BMD greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young adults. Osteopenia is defined by a BMD 1 to 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young adults (Kanis et al. 1994). Recently however, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) published a statement (Lewiecki et al. 2004) that the WHOs guidelines for osteoporosis should not actually be used on healthy premenopausal females. They suggest instead that Z-scores should be used rather than T-scores for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in this particular population. According to Brunet (2005), there is an increased risk for fracture in the elderly population as well as the young in conjunction with osteoporosis. Some of the associated risk factors include: thyroid or corticosteroid medications, smoking, a low calcium diet, amenorrhea, a family history of osteoporosis, a sedentary lifestyle, and a lack of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) post menopause (Bellantoni, 1996). According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (1991), gender can play a part with females being 8 times more likely to develop osteoporosis than males. The reason for this is a decreased baseline bone mass and also, an increased level of bone absorption associated with menopause. Treatment The clinical suspicion alone that someone is suffering from female athlete triad should be sufficient indication to start with therapeutic and preventive steps, such as a reduction in training loads, an increase in bodyweight, and improvements in diet. These clinical suspicions could be based on personal history such as previous stress fractures, or based on the presence of other factors such as amenorrhea. These steps aim at returning estrogen production to normal levels by normalizing the disturbed menstrual cycle. If this goal is not achieved, the lack of estrogens has to be treated with exogenous estrogens administration, particularly in the case of secondary amenorrhea, to ensure achievement of peak bone mass (PBM). If osteoporosis is documented, it is an additional indication for hormonal substitution. There are two ways to carry this out, and can be selected in relation to the age or to special wishes of the athletes like contraception and cycle control. Either estrogens as a part of a birth control pill or a HRT with natural estrogens and progestins. Both treatments need to consider the minimal dose of estrogens necessary for prevention of osteoporosis. In addition, sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D may not be neglected. Regarding the long-term results of the proposed hormonal treatment, it has to be admitted that prospective results from longitudinal studies are completely lacking, and that more research is urgently needed (Roth et al. 2000). Conclusion Low energy availability with or without eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, alone or in combination, pose significant health risks to physically active girls and women. Prevention, recognition, and treatment of these clinical conditions should be a priority of those who work with female athletes to ensure that they maximize the benefits of regular exercise. (Nattiv et al. 1994). Prevention of the triad, or at least an early diagnosis of it, is certainly better than the cure. More efforts should be undertaken to appropriately inform physicians, athletes, coaches, officials and parents on all the different aspects of the triad. Dealing with this syndrome, according to Roth et al. (2000), may offer a chance to the female athlete the opportunity for a deeper reflection about her bodily function and the relative importance and perspective of performance and success in sports. References American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Athletic training and sports medicine (1991), 2nd ed., Park Ridge (IL): American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (1994), 4th ed., Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 539-50. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2000), 4th ed., Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. Bellantoni, M.F. (1996) ‘Osteoporosis prevention and treatment, Am Fam Physician, 54(3), 986-92. Birch, K. (2005) ‘Female athlete triad, British Medical Journal, 330(7485), 244-6. Brunet, M. (2005)‘Female athlete triadClin Sports Med,24(3), 623-36, ix. Burrows, M., Shepherd, H., Bird, S., MacLeod, K., Ward, B. (2007)‘The components of the female athlete triad do not identify all physically active females at risk,J Sports Sci, 25(12), 1289-97. Gottschlich, L. M. Young, C. C. (2006) ‘Female athlete triad, Medical College of Wisconsin [online], available: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/89260-overview [accessed 13 Dec 2009]. Hobart, J.A., Smucker, D.R. (2000) ‘The female athlete triad, Am Fam Physician, 61(11), 3357-67. Kanis, J.A., Melton, L.J., Christiansen, C., et al. (1994) ‘The diagnosis of osteoporosis, J Bone Miner Res, 9, 1137-41. Lewiecki, E.M., Watts, N.B., McClung, M.R., et al. (2004) ‘Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, J Clinical Densitom, 89(8), 3651-5. Loucks, A.B. (1990)‘Effects of exercise training on the menstrual cycle: existence and mechanisms,Med Sci Sports Exerc, 22(3), 275-80. Manore, M.M., Kam, L.C., Loucks, A.B. (2007) ‘The female athlete triad: components, nutrition issues, and health consequences, Journal of Sports Sciences Nattiv, A., Agostini, R., Drinkwater, B., Yeager, K.K. (1994) ‘The female athlete triad. The inter-relatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, Clin Sports Med, 13, 405-18. Otis, C,L,, Drinkwater, B., Johnson, M. (1997) ‘ACSM position stand: the female athlete triad, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29(5), i-ix. Roth, D., Meyer, Egli Ch., Kriemler, S., Birkhà ¤user M., Jaeger, P., Imhof, U., Mannhart, C., Seiler, R., Marti, B. (2000) ‘Female athlete triad, Schweiz. Ztschr. Sportmed. Sporttraum, 48, 119-132.

Panic Disorder Essay -- essays research papers fc

I. Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panic disorder brings on the fastest and most complex changes known in the human body. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My purpose today is to inform you on panic disorder. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It concerns you because 1/3 of all Americans have a panic attack by the time they’re adults, and 3 out of 4 don’t receive the treatment they need. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today I will discuss†¦ 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facts about panic disorder 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symptoms 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Causes and risk factors 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatments II. Body A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facts about panic disorder 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mimics some medical conditions causing years of misdiagnosis. Almost everyone who panics believes they have a serious physical illness and goes to 10 or more doctors until they are finally diagnosed. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.2% of all adults or 1 in 15 have panic disorder. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1/3 of all Americans have at least one panic attack,  ¾ being women. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s the most common emotional disorder, more common than alcohol abuse or depression. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Often leads to other complications (i.e.: phobias, depression, and even suicide. ) a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 out of every 5 untreated sufferers attempt to end their life, never knowing there was treatment. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violent poisons or traumatic injuries have less effect on the body than a panic attack does. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symptoms 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panic attack- reaches maximum intensity within a minute or two of beginning and diminish slowly over 10 minutes to as long as several hours and occur as much as several times a day to several times a month and can occur in harmless situations and in a lot of cases, wakening you from sleep. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raging heartbeat b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Difficulty breathing, feeling as though you can’t get enough air c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dizziness, lightheadedness, or nausea d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trembling, sweating, shaking e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Choking, chest pains f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hot flashes or sudden chills g.  &nb... ...ately in the first day or two of treatment. (Ex: Xanaz, Ativan, and Klonopin.) III. Conclusion A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today I have informed you on. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Important facts about panic disorder b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the symptoms c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Causes and risk factors d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatments B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today my purpose was to inform you on panic disorder and explain to you that 3 out of 4 people with Panic disorder are never treated. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank you for your time. Bibliography American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Mental Help Net- Information- Symptoms- Panic Disorder. Available: http://mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=568. (5/3/02). Anxiety and Panic Hub. (1998-2002). Anxiety and Panic Hub- anxiety attacks, panic attacks. Available: http://www.paems.com.au/about/anxdis/dissociation.html. (4/30/02). Anxiety/Panic Attack Resource Site. (1997-2002). Understanding Panic Disorder. Available: www.anxietypanic.com. (4/28/02). GlaxoSmithKline. (1997-2002). Paxil- Your Life Is Waiting. Available: http://www.paxil.com/. (4/27/02).

What I am Passionate About

Usain Bolt has won six Olympic gold medals. What do they all have in common? It is not that they won numerous gold medals. It Is they are all passionate about what they do, Since I started preschool at age four, my time outside of school have been piled up with never ending activities, first there was ballet, then came ice skating, art class, then swimming, chess, thenPlano, speed reading, and flute. Whenever I quit doing one thing, I picked up something new. As the years go by, most of these activities are only memories, but one thing has rooted inside of me. After a day of academic learning and demanding homework, I will quickly retreat into my safe haven, drawing. I love drawing. I think I am better at it than spelling. Maybe that is the reason I am better at math and science than reading and writing in school. To me, math and science is another way of drawing using dfferent media.I believe when writers want to write, their minds will be filled with words and sentences, but when I want to express myself, my mind will be filled with images and graphics. School, homework, and keeping up good grades can be pretty stressful, When I draw, I feel I am In a world where there are endless sunshine, a warm breeze, soft rolling green hills, fragrant flowers, morning dew on the bright green grass, chirping birds†¦ sometimes there are lines, geometric shapes, and dots which all Intertwine In the endless void.As long as I can Imagine, I can draw, I feel happy. People often think artists are only appreciated when they are dead. I believe that is a narrow way to appreciate art. Art is the major part of our life. Everything we live by pretty much started out with an Idea throwing on a piece of paper in the form of sketch or drawing. How would Thomas Edison plan out his idea for the light bulb? Drawing has become a major part of me; it has become my anchor and my passion and I am pretty darn good at It.

Physical Examination Health Assessment in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient The WritePass Journal

Physical Examination Health Assessment in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Introduction Physical Examination Health Assessment in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient IntroductionA. BackgroundB. HistoryB1. Biographical DataB2. Reason for Seeking CareB3. Health HistoryB4. Family HistoryB5. Physical ExaminationB6. InterviewC. Health Assessment and ResultC1. InspectionC2. PalpationC3. Range of MotionC4. Pain AssessmentConclusionReferenceRelated Introduction Physical examination and health assessment are major components when you first meet your patient every time he or she admitted.   They are important in the aid of collecting patient’s data, designing care plans, giving treatments, and evaluating the outcomes. Physical examination is a process during which you use your senses to collect objective data. Know normal findings before you begin to distinguish the abnormal ones.   Effective communication skills are essential in establishing the trust needed to proceed with the examination.   Physical examination provides another perspective; whereas the health history allows you to see your patient subjectively through eyes, the physical examination now allows you to see your patient objectively through senses.   The objective data complete the patient’s health picture. Health assessment is an important component in clinical settings.   Health assessment is to collect data relevant to the patient’s health status, to identify deviations from normal, to discover the patient’s strengths and coping resources, to pinpoint actual problems, and to spot factors that place the patient at risk for health problems. Following is a case study of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, who was admitted because of swelling and burning pain.   We will look into how health assessment is important to her and what is the difference in the outcome of care to the patient. A. Background Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the bodys immune system attacks normal joint tissues, causing inflammation of the joint lining.   This inflammation of the joint lining, synovium causes pain, stiffness, swelling, warmth, and redness of the affected area.   The affected joint may also lose its shape, resulting in loss of range of motion.   Rheumatoid arthritis is an ongoing disease, with active periods of pain and inflammation, which is called flares or flare-ups, alternating with periods of remission, when pain and inflammation disappear.   Rheumatoid arthritis can affect many different joints.   It can even affect parts of the body other than the joints, including the eyes, blood, the lungs, and the heart in some people (Pfizer, 2010). B. History B1. Biographical Data Ms. Li Ho Lam was born in 3rd December 1959; she is now 52 years old.   Ms. Li’s education level is up to Form three in secondary school.   She quitted her job as a salesperson 5 years ago, and she is now a housewife.   Ms. Li is married and has two daughters which are 20 and 17 years old.   The four of them live together in an apartment in Shek Kip Mei.   Her cell phone number is 99871256 and her husband’s cell number is 91235520. B2. Reason for Seeking Care Ms. Li complained that both of her hands are swelling and have burning pain for one day.   Her pain scale is 8, and she did not take any medication. B3. Health History For health history, Ms. Li is allergic to seafood.   After taking any kinds of seafood, rashes will appear on Ms. Li’s body and they will be itchy.   Ms. Li was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in year 2010.   She is taking aspirin to relief her flare-ups, but she has stopped for a few days.   She does not have any other health problems besides this. Ms. Li had chicken pox in year 1965, and had recovered in two weeks.   For hospitalization and operation, Ms. Li has had two times of caesarean section with general anaesthesia done in QueenElizabethHospital in year 1991 and 1994. B4. Family History Ms. Li’s mother had a history of rheumatoid arthritis; and her father had a history of hypertension and high cholesterol. B5. Physical Examination Ms. Li is 155 cm tall and weighs 59 kg.   Ms. Li’s vital signs are taken.   Her blood pressure is 140/86 mmHg; pulse rate is 66/min; respiration rate is 16/min; and temperature is 37.2â„Æ' B6. Interview Since Ms. Li was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, she has flare-ups every six to eight months.   Acute episodes involve hand joints are treated with aspirin which gives relief.   She experiences morning stiffness, which lasts half an hour to one hour.   Her joints feel warm, swollen and tender.   She had lost 5 kg over last three years and feels fatigued much of the time.   Ms. Li could not sleep well and did not rest more.   She was encouraged to do daily exercises, but she did not do them regularly due to her fatigue.   She took aspirin for acute flare-ups, but when she feels better in a few days, she decreased dose by herself. C. Health Assessment and Result C1. Inspection Inspection has to be done because swelling, masses, and deformity at joints greatly affect range of motion and activities of daily living. First, Jarvis (2004) stated that note the size and contour of Ms. Li’s joint.   Inspect her skin and tissues over the joints for color, swelling, and any masses or deformity.   Presence of swelling is significant and signals joint irritation. Ms. Li’s hands are swelling; it may be due to excess joint fluid, thickening of the synovial lining, inflammation of surrounding soft tissues, such as bursae and tendons, or bony enlargement.   Deformities include dislocation, subluxation, contracture, or ankylosis, but it does not present in Ms. Li’s case.   She might have to take Aspirin as prescribed to relief pain and to reduce inflammation (Poulis, Kretsi, Apostolopoulo, Zeeris Vagenas, 2003). C2. Palpation Palpation is an important examination tool as it can help to find out many abnormalities, such as fluid accumulated in joints and tenderness.   Patients might feel pain, flare-ups, and hard to move the joints. Tijhuis, Zwinderman, Hazes, Breedveld, Vlieland (2003) stated that, to start palpation, palpate each joint of Ms. Li’s hands, including its skin for temperature, its muscles, bony articulations, and area of joint capsule.   Notice any heat, tenderness, swelling, or masses on Ms. Li’s hands.   Joints normally are not tender to palpation.   If any tenderness does occur, try to localize it to specific anatomic structures, such as skin, muscles, bursae, ligaments, tendons, fat pads, or joint capsule.   The synovial membrane normally is not palpable.   When thickened, it feels â€Å"doughy† or â€Å"boggy†.   A small amount of fluid is present in the normal joint, but it is not palpable.   Palpable fluid is abnormal, as fluid is contained in an enclosed sac.   If you push on one side of the sac, the fluid will shift and cause a visible bulging on another side. Ms. Li’s hands are tender, but no masses found in her joints.   However, fluid is palpated as â€Å"boggy†.   This can also be shown by her swelling hands.   She might have to take Aspirin as prescribed to relief pain and to reduce inflammation as mentioned above (Karlsson, Berglin, Wa Jonsson, 2006). C3. Range of Motion Assessing the range of motion is important too because it extremely affects the activities of daily living when the range of motion is decreased, and limitations occur.   Patients might have to refer to physiotherapist to learn some exercises in order to improve the range of motion and back to normal again. Codd, Stapleton, Veale, FitzGerald Bresnihan (2010) stated that when assessing for the range of motion, ask Ms. Li for active range of motion while stabilizing the body area proximal to that being moved.   Familiarize with the type of each joint and its normal range of motion in order to recognize limitations.   If there is a limitation, gently attempt passive motion.   Anchor the joint with one hand while the other hand slowly moves it to its limit.   The normal ranges of active and passive motion should be the same.   If any limitation or any increase in range of motion occurs, use a goniometer to measure the angles precisely.   Joint motion normally causes no tenderness, pain or crepitation. Ms. Li’s range of motion of her wrists and fingers appear limitations, but they can be moved in passive motion slowly.   It might be affected by her swelling hands and the accumulation fluid in the joints.   She might have to consult physiotherapist for exercising since she did not exercise regularly and has a decreased in range of motion (Palmer, Gaafary Miedany, 2007). C4. Pain Assessment Patients’ self-report is considered the most accurate way to detect and measure pain. Pain can be categorized by duration, site of pain (location), cause (etiology), or qualities (severity).   Use the mnemonic COLDSPA to recall and assess the current symptoms of Ms. Li by asking the following questions: 1. Character: What does it feel like? 2. Onset: When did the pain begin? 3. Location: Where does it hurt? Can you point to where it hurts? 4. Duration: How long does it last? 5. Severity: Rate severity by using appropriate pain scale. 6. Pattern: Does anything make it better or worse? 7. Associated Factors: What other symptoms occur with it? Ms. Li answered by saying the pain on her hands feels like burning; it began yesterday when she woke up in the morning; it hurts both of her hands, especially fingers and wrists; the pain lasts forever and does not go away; pain scale is 8; resting is better, but it became worse when she moves her hands; there is no other symptoms with it. After understanding the situation of Ms. Li, medication prescribed can be given to her, such as Aspirin which can help to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Conclusion Physical examination and health assessment are very important in understanding patients’ health condition as shown in the example above.   However, it only showed a few of them, there are much more ways of physical examination and health assessment to look at. Reference Pfizer Inc. (2010). What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Retrieved March 15, 2011, from arthritis.com/rheumatoid_arthritis_symptoms.aspx Jarvis, C. (2004). Physical Examination Health Assessment (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Poulis, S., Kretsi, Z., Apostolopoulo, L., Zeeris, L., Vagenas, G. (2003). Functional and isokinetic assessment of hands with early stage of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11, 225-230. Karlsson, B., Berglin, E., Wa, S., Jonsson, L. (2006). Life satisfaction in early rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 13, 193-199. doi:10.1080/11038120500462337 Palmer, D., Gaafary, M. E., Miedany, Y. E. (2007). Improving patient care: measurement of outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Nursing, 16(16), 1010-1015 Tijhuis, G. J., Zwinderman, A. H., Hazes, J. M.W., Breedveld, F. C., Vlieland, P. M. T. V. (2003). Two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of a clinical nurse specialist intervention, inpatient, and day patient team care in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(1), 34-43. Codd, Y., Stapleton, T., Veale, D. J., FitzGerald, O., Bresnihan, B. (2010). A qualitative study of work participation in early rheumatoid arthritis. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 17(1), 24-33.

Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare

Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare Malvolio and the CountessIn the kingdom of Illyria, a nobleman named Orsino lies around listening to music, pining away for the love of Lady Olivia. He cannot have her because she is in mourning for her dead brother and refuses to entertain any proposals of marriage. Meanwhile, off the coast, a storm has caused a terrible shipwreck. A young, aristocratic-born woman named Viola is swept onto the Illyrian shore. Finding herself alone in a strange land, she assumes that her twin brother, Sebastian, has been drowned in the wreck, and tries to figure out what sort of work she can do. A friendly sea captain tells her about Orsino's courtship of Olivia, and Viola says that she wishes she could go to work in Olivia's home. But since Lady Olivia refuses to talk with any strangers, Viola decides that she cannot look for work with her. Instead, she decides to disguise herself as a man, taking on the name of Cesario, and goes to work in the household of Duke Orsino.Viola (disguised as Cesario) q uickly becomes a favorite of Orsino, who makes Cesario his page. Viola finds herself falling in love with Orsinoa difficult love to pursue, as Orsino believes her to be a man. But when Orsino sends Cesario to deliver Orsino's love messages to the disdainful Olivia, Olivia herself falls for the beautiful young Cesario, believing her to be a man. The love triangle is complete: Viola loves Orsino, Orsino loves Olivia, and Olivia loves Cesarioand everyone is miserable.Meanwhile, we meet the other members of Olivia's household: her rowdy drunkard of an uncle, Sir Toby; his foolish friend, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, who is trying in his hopeless way to court Olivia; Olivia's witty and pretty waiting-gentlewoman, Maria; Feste, the clever clown of the house; and Malvolio, the dour, prudish steward of Olivia's household. When Sir Toby and the others take offense at Malvolio's constant efforts to spoil their fun, Maria engineers a practical joke to make Malvolio think that Olivia is in love with h im. She forges a letter, supposedly from Olivia, addressed to her beloved (whose name is signified by the letters M.O.A.I.), telling him that if he wants to earn her favor, he should dress in yellow stockings and crossed garters, act haughtily, smile constantly, and refuse to explain himself to anyone. Malvolio finds the letter, assumes that it is addressed to him, and, filled with dreams of marrying Olivia and becoming noble himself, happily follows its commands. He behaves so strangely that Olivia comes to think that he is mad.Meanwhile, Sebastian, who is still alive after all but believes his sister Viola to be dead, arrives in Illyria along with his friend and protector, Antonio. Antonio has cared for Sebastian since the shipwreck and is passionately (and perhaps sexually) attached to the young manso much so that he follows him to Orsino's domain, in spite of the fact that he and Orsino are old enemies.Sir Andrew, observing Olivia's attraction to Cesario (still Viola in disguise ), challenges Cesario to a duel. Sir Toby, who sees the prospective duel as entertaining fun, eggs Sir Andrew on. However, when Sebastianwho looks just like the disguised Violaappears on the scene, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby end up coming to blows with Sebastian, thinking that he is Cesario. Olivia enters amid the confusion. Encountering Sebastian and thinking that he is Cesario, she asks him to marry her. He is baffled, since he has never seen her before. He sees, however, that she is wealthy and beautiful, and he is therefore more than willing to go along with her. Meanwhile, Antonio has been arrested by Orsino's officers and now begs Cesario for help, mistaking him for Sebastian. Viola denies knowing Antonio, and Antonio is dragged off, crying out that Sebastian has betrayed him. Suddenly, Viola has newfound hope that her brother may be alive.Malvolio's supposed madness has allowed the gleeful Maria, Toby, and the rest to lock Malvolio into a small, dark room for his treatment, and they torment him at will. Feste dresses up as "Sir Topas," a priest, and pretends to examine Malvolio, declaring him definitely insane in spite of his protests. However, Sir Toby begins to think better of the joke, and they allow Malvolio to send a letter to Olivia, in which he asks to be released.Eventually, Viola (still disguised as Cesario) and Orsino make their way to Olivia's house, where Olivia welcomes Cesario as her new husband, thinking him to be Sebastian, whom she has just married. Orsino is furious, but then Sebastian himself appears on the scene, and all is revealed. The siblings are joyfully reunited, and Orsino realizes that he loves Viola, now that he knows she is a woman, and asks her to marry him. We discover that Sir Toby and Maria have also been married privately. Finally, someone remembers Malvolio and lets him out of the dark room. The trick is revealed in full, and the embittered Malvolio storms off, leaving the happy couples to their celebration.

Slp5 599 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Slp5 599 - Coursework Example The new and final cumulative profit based on the recent decisions is 1,693,539,768 in comparison to the previous profit, which were 1,544,929,139. Therefore, this substantial change in the sum of profits revealed that incorporation of new decisions has allowed better results in comparison to previously decisions undertaken. Nevertheless, it is important to reveal that the new decisions pedestals upon the CVP analysis and data generated and presented in the market report. Hence, indicating that CVP analysis has been of great help in fetching larger profits. It can be noted from the above grid that the Research and Development expenditure on the tablet model X5 has been cut down to 0% throughout four year period from 2012 to 2015. The reduction in R&D is justified on the basis of the model losing its appeal in the market which was considered unlikely to create any new sales for this model. Moreover, it is also indicates that the price of the same model is maintained at the same level of $275 per unit in these years. Furthermore, during 2012-2015 the expenditure on research and development of X6 has been set at 60% in comparison to previous decisions for the model, which were 34% and 40%. The greater acceptance level of this model amongst customers and greater margins are bases for the decision to increase the R&D expenditure on this model. This would allow the model to maintain its position and offer better technology to customers. The price of X6 was increased in 2012 to $450 from $430; however, during the next three years 2013-2015 th e price was reduced to $440. In addition, the research and development expenditure has increased on X7 from 33% to 40% during 2012 and this increment on X7 was maintained till 2015. This was done to give this model a good platform for greater consumer acceptability and purchase of the model in its yearly years.

The Joy Luck Club (novel) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Joy Luck Club (novel) - Essay Example She not only accomplishes the goal of her mother on her behalf, but also gets to learn more about her mother as a result of the unique experience of reuniting with her long lost and never seen before half-sisters. Jing-mei and Waverly share the feeling of regret of having lost ties with their indigenous Chinese culture in their attempts to identify themselves with the Americans. Jing-mei and Waverly share the same cultural differences with their respective mothers which also happen to be the cause of misunderstandings between the daughters and the mothers. On one hand, Jing-mei does not find her mother as supportive, understanding, and leveraging as she would like her to be as an American and on the other hand, Waverly is uncomfortable with and afraid of the criticism that her mother offers to Waverly’s fiance Rich; â€Å"But I worried for Rich. Because I knew my feelings for him were vulnerable to being felled by my mother’s suspicions, passing remarks, and innuendosà ¢â‚¬  (Tan 175). ... Waverly seems to be setting the standards and Jing-mei seems to be knocked out mostly. This can be fundamentally attributed to the fact that rather than realize her own potential and qualities, Jing-mei keeps comparing herself to Waverly all the time. Waverly inherits invisible strength from her mother that she uses to strategize, and when she does that to Jing-mei, Jing-mei feels downplayed. The very strength makes Waverly develop a sense of competitiveness because of which, she becomes Jing-mei’s rival and insults her at the dinner of Suyuan’s New Year in front of others. Jing-mei finds Waverly too difficult and offensive to talk to. She explains this in these words, â€Å"I felt like screaming. She could be so sneaky with her insults. Every time I asked her the simplest of tax questions, for example, she could turn the conversation around and make it seem as if I were too cheap to pay for her legal advice† (Tan 204). The Episode of crabs illustrates that Waver ly wants only the very best and is intelligent enough to choose it while Jing-mei is not which is why she does not know what are the best qualities to look for in a crab and also she gets belittled by Waverly at the dinner. Jing-mei’s relation toward Waverly changes over time as she reflects upon her own weaknesses. She realizes that in her attempt to keep competing with Waverly, she has been finding herself coming up short; â€Å"I turned on the water to wash the dishes. And I no longer felt angry at Waverly. I felt tired and foolish, as if I had been running to escape someone chasing me, only to look behind and discover there was no one there† (Tan 207). In spite of her weaknesses and insecurities, Jing-mei has a lot of room for improvement and she does improve as the novel

Saudi woman's right to drive Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Saudi woman's right to drive - Research Paper Example In Saudi Arabia, women are seen as minors, legally. They must seek permission from men on matters concerning education, healthcare, and employment. Women in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to drive or be seen driving in public. Saudi Arabia ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (C.E.D.W.A), but still women face discrimination. The government ratified the convention saying that in case of contradiction between the Islamic law and the convention, then the Islamic law would overrule the convention. It is crucial, while addressing these issues to understand the religious and cultural complexities that exist in Saudi Arabia (Abbass, p. 20). In Saudi Arabia, religious and cultural claims function as justifications for the oppression of women. As the Saudi Arabian women went out to protest the oppression, various philosophical theories could be observed; functionalism, conflict and symbolic interaction. In Saudi Arabia, women rights exist under religion and customs. In this region, the separation of women and honor is central to life. All women in Saudi Arabia have male guardians. This country prohibits women driving. Manal al-Sharif started a Women’s Right to Drive movement in 2011. She is a women’s right activist who filmed herself drive and posted the footage on popular media. Because of this, she was detained but later released and rearrested for deviance.

My Forest Essay Example for Free

My Forest Essay Forests are a treasure of tranquility, a symbol of integrity, source of diversity and a place of unity. We can find plenty of flora, fauna, trees, animals, birds and species living together with abounding love in the forest. Mixed fragrance, pure air, healthy herbals, roaring streams, descending falls and moving beings make a forest a lively playground of peace. Above all, its serene presence always leads into a celestial experience of all who enter in and experience it. This essay is an exploration of the contribution of forests to the welfare of humankind, and human response to forests in order to understand the present scenario and reflect on the future of human-forest relationship. Forest as thriller From my childhood onwards I was indoctrinated about forests through various ways. Most of my childhood bedtime stories started with â€Å"there was a deep forest in which†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In addition, heroic adventures and especially thrillers are shown in movies from forest contexts. Christian missionary organisations often portrayed forests and tribal people more like people who were in danger with evil beasts, living in a threatened environment. In addition, Indian literatures mostly portrayed forests as appropriate places for hermits and as a place for divine mediation to escape from the chaos of this world. Being fed with this kind of imagery, I was led into believing that people who lived in forests, particularly tribes, lacked any culture. So on the whole, I was partially educated that forest is a dangerous place and the people who were living in forests were also dangerous. These kinds of notions and inputs led me into a kind of anti-forest sentiments until I took my intensive fieldwork in Similipal forest range in Orissa in August 2007. The 25 days stay at Similipal forest range and a life in the forest with the people of the forest changed my perception about forests and helped me to live and experience the real situation, rather than living in a strange imagination. Forest as Martyr Forest always stands for human welfare and benefit. Everything found in the forest is used by human beings for sustaining their lives. For example, major deforestation took place in India beginning from 1853 to start railways; numerous trees have been cut down to make â€Å"sleepers† and simultaneously used for fuel too. Flowers, fruits, roots, leaves, stems, and seeds, everything have been given to human, but the question persists, as to why human are concentrating on cutting trees, and destroying their lives? Trees have life by themselves; they live, bloom, and grow; how unethical is human attitude towards trees in the forests! We, who cal ourselves educated people, need to learn something from the people living at the grassroots. The Dheevar caste of Bhandara district of Maharashtra never catch fish going upstream on spawning migration, although they are exhausted and easy to catch. There are entire sacred groves and ponds in which no plant or animal is damaged. 1 During my fieldwork with tribal people in Similipal forest range and throughout our stay, we could not get milk for consumption, though there were numerous cows found around. Once, we asked a lady who owned two cows, â€Å"Did you get milk from cow? Immediately she replied, â€Å"How can I get milk from the cow? Cow’s milk is the life of its calves and it is unethical to suck one’s life to nourish ourselves. † I then understood why they didn’t drink cow’s milk; they were only using cow dung as manure in their fields. It is very important for us as literate human generation to ethically look into the issue of deforestation; we have been taking each and every product of the trees, we have been cutting the generous friend, God given gift, that is, the tree itself, out of our utter selfishness. Certainly, we should regard all the trees as martyrs as we get rains through them, we get good air through them, good food through them, and so on. On the whole, when we acknowledge the sacrifice of trees simultaneously, it is our commitment to save and sustain their life in order to create a greener and healthier world. Forest as healer Human atrocities over nature have increased, consequently, human and the earth, both have become ill. Climate change is one of the worst effects in this regard. It is the time to heal our earth as well as the human generation. When South Asian Tsunami devastated South Asia in 2004, the major reason found for the damage was, the eradication of mangroves forests and coral reefs in the sea shore area by the shrimp industries. Now the Government and NGOs are planting mangroves and making coral reefs in the sea shore. From this example it is very clear that tress are not only martyrs, but also the healers. If we grow trees we will get good rain, we will be saved from tsunami and thus save the world from climate change. Trees and forests are the hope of the world; they heal human, enrich their life experience and give them peace. Poet and Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh from Vietnam, who was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize by Martin Luther King Jr. , in his book Touching Peace, Practicing the Art of Mindful Living, describes a human-nurturing tree-ritual: Ten years ago, I planted three beautiful Himalayan cedars outside my hermitage [in France], and now, whenever I walk by one of them, I bow, tough its bark with my cheek, and hug it. As I breathe in and out mindfully, I look at its branches and beautiful leaves. I receive a lot of peace and sustenance from hugging trees. Touching a tree gives both, you and the tree great pleasure. Trees are beautiful, refreshing, and old. When you want to hug a tree, it will never refuse. You can rely on trees. I have even taught my students the practice of tree hugging †¦In the same way we touch trees, we can touch ourselves and others, with compassion. 2 Yes, trees are our friends. They listen to us, care for us, speak to us through their soft leaves, kiss us with beautiful flowers and feed us with kindness through their fruits. How sweet it is! Conclusion The main challenge is to connect human and forest. The social understanding and the so called development theories have clearly divided people from forest. It is very important for people to understand that forests are part of our world and that they should be taken care of by us. For example, my stay at Similipal forest range in August 2007 was quite strange and scintillating. Deep forest, no mobile phone tower or television, low voltage power; just a transistor, which received programmes from All India Radio,3 and a few people. Every night when I went to sleep, I often checked my bed and nearby places fearing the presence snakes. That much did I feel uncomfortable, and filled with hatred towards the forest. However, after 25 days, I realised that it was the most peaceful place in the world; a pure world of nature, and people with nature, and this learning experience led me to care for trees, because of which I am now concerned about nature. This is the real scenario of 75%-90% population of India towards the forest. This is my sincere suggestion that the Government and institutions should concentrate on their youngsters and teach them the reality of forest and its life and work for humanity. If they witness this truth no one would harm trees and they would promote forestation and also begin to nurture nature. Practically speaking, school and college children should be taken into the forests and given a chance to explore its beauty and appreciate its nobility from their childhood, through excursions, study trips and picnics. Misinterpretations and wrong indoctrinations about forests ought to be stopped. Only the tourism department of India is advertising Indian forests to foreign tourists to generate wealth but local people are poorly aware or informed of forest tourism. This has to be rectified. Media, such as newspapers, radio, television, and so on, promote the importance of forests throughout their programmes. Tribal people and their good social values nd practices need to be imparted to the mainstream. Philosophical and religious understanding of forests should be reconstructed with optimism and hope. Above all, as committed human we should spend much time in promoting forestation and eradicating deforestation collectively. I believe these that things would create a greener environment and help us to enhance the existing forests and to create more. To conclude, I would like to say that, when we enjoy forests and its resources we should always remember our responsibility of caring for forests and pass it to the coming generations, inviting them to express their solidarity with us in this noble mission. In a nutshell, the idea of forest as a thriller should be enjoyed, forest as martyr should be remembered, and forest as healer should be practiced.

Rab7a and CMT2b Essay -- Biology, Proteins, Cells

Rab7a and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2b The aim of this essay is to review recent research into the Rab7a gene mutations and the mechanistic causes of Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 2b. It will ascertain if there is a clear forerunner in terms of theory of pathology due to Rab7a mutations. Any specific potential treatments for CMT2b that have been discovered will also be investigated Rab7a is a gene that provides the instructions to make the protein Rab7. Rab7 is one of over sixty Rab proteins identified within mammalian cells, all of which belong to the Ras superfamily. All Rab proteins are involved with the endo/exocytic, secretory pathways and each one associates with its own specific membranes and organelles, although it may share a membrane with another Rab protein. Rab7 has been discovered to function in the late endosomes, lysosomes and the autophagosomes. Like all Rabs, Rab7 is a monomeric GTPase that cycles from an active, GTP-associated, membrane-bound state to a GDP-associated state that is found in the cytosol as part of a complex with the soluble Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI). To activate Rab7, a membrane bound guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) is needed. Once the Rab7 has gained a GTP at the loss of GDP and become anchored into a plasma membrane by a hydrophobic lipid anchor, two ‘switch’ regions conformationally change to allow recruitment and binding of other effector proteins that assist with vesicle transport, membrane tethering and fusion. See figure 1. Hydrolysis of GTP is accelerated by GTPase-activating factors (GAPs), and membrane insertion and extraction is partially coupled to nucleotide exchange (Grosshans et al, 2006) ... ...hin the cell may be particularly pronounced in the longer neurites of the extremities, providing support for Spinosa et al’s (2008) previous suggestion that CMT2b mutations affect the longer neurons due to the increased distance that molecules have to travel compared to other neurons. Valproic acid has been found to stimulate neurite growth in the presence of CMT2b-associated Rab7 mutants through Erk. Valproic acid (VPA) is a short-branched fatty acid, a mood stabiliser it is normally used to treat bi-polar disorder, and as an anticonvulsant (Manji et al, 2001 IN: Yamauchi et al, 2010). Yamauchi et al in 2006/2007 reported that VPA promoted neurite growth through the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in mouse neuroblastoma cells. In 2010, Yamauchi et al studied the effect of VPA in a neuropathy model, again in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N1E-115 cells)

Medical Industry Essay

Mediksys is a clinic management system designed to help the clinica terencio and hospital in managing their patient record and accommodating during their check-up. This system has Features include save, delete, edit, refresh, search by either first name, surname or id. The search also includes autocomplete. Crystal report with option to print a single selected record or all the records in a datatable. Also a flexibility in the DataGridView which populates all fields when a record is clicked on the gridview. (Note: this is very simple make it complex but don’t be redundant in explain the part. It is not the whole document it is just a overview) IV. Statement of the problem A. General Problem: Manual Clinic Management System of Clinica Terencio and Hospital B. Specific Problem: Accommodating numbers of patient upon check-up Inconvenience patient record monitoring V. Objective of the study A. General Objective: To develop the Mediksys system. B. Specific Objectives: To provide a convenient way in monitoring patient check-up queue using Patient Express Assist. (PEA) To enhance the patient record management V. Scope and Limitations: The system is not intended to replace the role of human being in the world, for it has limitation and capabilities. The capabilities of this system would help human being to have quality life in serving people. It is important to the future reader to understand its limitation to enable them to have a deeper understanding on how it can probably help them with their certain task. A. Scope of the System The authorized nurse (receptionist) and Doctor can access to the system during office hours. The patient can view their Number on the screen for their check-up The authorized nurse (receptionist) can edit, add and delete patient information. The Doctor handle or control the patient Express Assist (PEA) B. Limitation of the system It does not cover other processes aside from recording patient record and viewing the patient number for check-up. (Note: in making scope and limitation the scope should > that limitation) VI. Review on Related Literature and Studies According to Anonuevo (2009) the most high-volume medical service facilities, the implementation of an efficient queuing and scheduling system would always pose a problem. More often than not, medical service facilities would implement a queue manually by either assigning a queue administrator or by using a ticketing system. The problem with these implementations is that the manager or facilitator of the queue does not have a convenient and quick way of informing queued customers of any updates. Because of this, patients are given no indication or estimation as to when their turn will be. As such, patients who are waiting in line will be forced to wait in the same vicinity as the facility. Which in turn, would  lead to long and crowded queues in that particular facility. Another problem that most Philippine medical service facilities have is implementing a reliable, robust and efficient record keeping system. In the Philippine setting, most service facilities still choose to use a paper-basedsystem for keeping medical records. This system has already proved to be slow and inefficient. In a recent survey conducted by the group, 63% of its respondents have admitted to having problems with their record keepingsystem. 83% of these respondents have also admitted to misplacing patient medical records or losing them entirely. These are unacceptable numbers, especially for a medical service facility. Provincial Hospital In-Patient System or PROV-HIS is a generic transaction processing system for provincial hospitals. Implemented in Visual Basic 5 Enterprise edition, it is designed to integrate hospital functions in a local area network system. The proponents identified that data management workload is uneven in the existing hospital system. By carefully studying and establishing a paper trail, the proponents managed to evenly distribute and systematize work among hospital personnel hence disburdening some hospital personnel of work backlogs, made possible through PROV-HIS. L. Morco, a master degree student of De La Salle Univesity observed that PROV-HIS answers the need for an efficient hospital information management. It made use of data coming from the vital source of hospital transactions which are the admission, the medical record service, the billing service and the hospital wards. The result of the proponents effort is a system that would serve as benchmark in the coming years particularly on hospital in-patient systems for devolved, tertiary provincial hospitals. (Provincial hospital in-patient system (PROV-HIS), 1999) In developing the system, the proponents were guided by theories acquired in the course of their study in the university. Tools such as systems design and analysis, knowledge on database management, normalization and creation, software engineering methodologies, human-computer interaction theories and information systems concepts were benefited by the system developers. Reading materials, internet information and direct user contact made the study flourish into what is now. The study concludes that the developed system is now utilizing hospital data with great accuracy and  efficiency with the use of non-redundant processes and less error-prone activities compared to the existing system. PROV-HIS has also proven itself worthy to be called a hospital information system because it is record-management oriented, the primary criterion for hospital information (Note: there are many ways for citation, please study and search about it [the red ink above indicates my citation for this work ])