The Da Vinci Code PROLOGUE

Louvre Museum, Paris 10:46 P. M. Renowned curator Jacques Sauniere staggered through the vaulted archway of the museum's Grand Gallery. He lunged for the nearest painting he could see, a Caravaggio. Grabbing the gilded frame, the seventy-six-year-old man heaved the masterpiece toward himself until it tore from the wall and Sauniere collapsed backward in a heap beneath the canvas. As he had anticipated, a thundering iron gate fell nearby, barricading the entrance to the suite. The parquet floor shook. Far off, an alarm began to ring. The curator lay a moment, gasping for breath, taking stock. I am still alive.He crawled out from under the canvas and scanned the cavernous space for someplace to hide. A voice spoke, chillingly close. â€Å"Do not move.† On his hands and knees, the curator froze, turning his head slowly. Only fifteen feet away, outside the sealed gate, the mountainous silhouette of his attacker stared through the iron bars. He was broad and tall, with ghost-pale skin and thinning white hair. His irises were pink with dark red pupils. The albino drew a pistol from his coat and aimed the barrel through the bars, directly at the curator. â€Å"You should not have run.† His accent was not easy to place. â€Å"Now tell me where it is.† â€Å"I told you already,† the curator stammered, kneeling defenseless on the floor of the gallery. â€Å"I have no idea what you are talking about!† â€Å"You are lying.† The man stared at him, perfectly immobile except for the glint in his ghostly eyes. â€Å"You and your brethren possess something that is not yours.† The curator felt a surge of adrenaline. How could he possibly know this? â€Å"Tonight the rightful guardians will be restored. Tell me where it is hidden, and you will live.† The man leveled his gun at the curator's head. â€Å"Is it a secret you will die for?† Sauniere could not breathe. The man tilted his head, peering down the barrel of his gun. Sauniere held up his hands in defense. â€Å"Wait,† he said slowly. â€Å"I will tell you what you need to know.† The curator spoke his next words carefully. The lie he told was one he had rehearsed many times†¦ each time praying he would never have to use it. When the curator had finished speaking, his assailant smiled smugly. â€Å"Yes. This is exactly what the others told me.† Sauniere recoiled. The others? â€Å"I found them, too,† the huge man taunted. â€Å"All three of them. They confirmed what you have just said.† It cannot be! The curator's true identity, along with the identities of his three senechaux, was almost as sacred as the ancient secret they protected. Sauniere now realized his senechaux, following strict procedure, had told the same lie before their own deaths. It was part of the protocol. The attacker aimed his gun again. â€Å"When you are gone, I will be the only one who knows the truth.† The truth.In an instant, the curator grasped the true horror of the situation. If I die, the truth will be lost forever.Instinctively, he tried to scramble for cover. The gun roared, and the curator felt a searing heat as the bullet lodged in his stomach. He fell forward†¦ struggling against the pain. Slowly, Sauniere rolled over and stared back through the bars at his attacker. The man was now taking dead aim at Sauniere's head. Sauniere closed his eyes, his thoughts a swirling tempest of fear and regret. The click of an empty chamber echoed through the corridor. The curator's eyes flew open. The man glanced down at his weapon, looking almost amused. He reached for a second clip, but then seemed to reconsider, smirking calmly at Sauniere's gut. â€Å"My work here is done.† The curator looked down and saw the bullet hole in his white linen shirt. It was framed by a small circle of blood a few inches below his breastbone. My stomach.Almost cruelly, the bullet had missed his heart. As a veteran of la Guerre d'Algerie, the curator had witnessed this horribly drawn-out death before. For fifteen minutes, he would survive as his stomach acids seeped into his chest cavity, slowly poisoning him from within. â€Å"Pain is good, monsieur,† the man said. Then he was gone. Alone now, Jacques Sauniere turned his gaze again to the iron gate. He was trapped, and the doors could not be reopened for at least twenty minutes. By the time anyone got to him, he would be dead. Even so, the fear that now gripped him was a fear far greater than that of his own death. I must pass on the secret. Staggering to his feet, he pictured his three murdered brethren. He thought of the generations who had come before them†¦ of the mission with which they had all been entrusted. An unbroken chain of knowledge. Suddenly, now, despite all the precautions†¦ despite all the fail-safes†¦ Jacques Sauniere was the only remaining link, the sole guardian of one of the most powerful secrets ever kept. Shivering, he pulled himself to his feet. I must find some way†¦ . He was trapped inside the Grand Gallery, and there existed only one person on earth to whom he could pass the torch. Sauniere gazed up at the walls of his opulent prison. A collection of the world's most famous paintings seemed to smile down on him like old friends. Wincing in pain, he summoned all of his faculties and strength. The desperate task before him, he knew, would require every remaining second of his life.

The Three Major Religions

The Major Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islamic Humanities 101 August 28, 2010 Strayer University The major religions in the world are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. All three religions believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basic rules for our guidance so that we may be good and righteous, according to God's intention. All the major religions of the world have cities that hold special significance to their religion. It may be the home of a religious leader, the birthplace of their god, or the location of an important Temple or shrine. Many of these holy cities are important to more than one religion, which is a little more proof that we're all more alike than we are different. All three religions acknowledge that Moses was a prophet of God. The prophets of Israel and Judah are one of the most amazing groups of individuals in all history. The Islamic faith eagerly awaits the return of the Prophet Jesus born by a miracle of God without a father. The Prophet Mohammed's words give an account of the signs that will precede the coming of Jesus. Through Christianity, the prophets confirmed that God is sovereign over history and is working out His purposes in accordance with an overall plan, sometimes indiscernible, but always in the hands of the Lord. In Judaism, the people saw God's initiative at work in every step of their corporate existence. Yahweh (God) had called Abraham to father a chosen people of destiny. In Exodus, God used the Prophet Moses to affirm His power, goodness, and concern for history The religion's book of revelation, mediated by the prophet, is the Koran. It was not a completely new faith but is the third great monotheistic religion. In Muslim eyes, Mohammed completes a succession of prophets, including Abraham, Moses and Jesus, each of whom refined and restated the message of God. Mecca is a city in Saudi Arabia that is of major religious importance to Muslims. Mecca is the birthplace of the Prophet Mohammed who converted Arabia to Islam. All practicing Muslims accept belief in the ‘Six Articles of Faith’ and are obliged to follow the ‘Five Pillars. ’   They are 1) Muslim profession of faith or shahada, 2) Ritual Prayer or salah, 3) Ritual Prayer or salah, 4) Fasting or sawm, 5) Pilgrimage or hajj. The division between Shia (followers of Ali) and Sunni (followers of the custom of the caliphate) persists to this day. Although both share most of the customs of the religion, Shiites place more emphasis on the guiding role of the imam. About 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and about 10% Shia. Muslims prayer five a day. The most important day for them to worship Allah is Friday in the mosque. â€Å"Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic Calendar, is considered as one of the holiest months of the year. It was in 610 A. D. when the prophet Mohammad was said to have received revelations from God that later became Islam’s holy book, the Quran† (Ramadan – The Holy Month ,2010). Christians believe Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem. Bethlehem is a very important city to Christians because it is the place where Jesus was born. â€Å"The Christian life involves a number of different aspects. Among the key ones are fellowship with God Our relationships with others, and Obedience to God's commands and Discipline†( Hedrick, C. 1995). The Christian concept of God as creator holds a middle ground. Christianity conceives of God as One. But it is not an isolated One. Rather, God is a person, who is capable of affecting and being affected by others. This is implicit in the concept of God as Father, which is one of the most characteristic teachings of Jesus. The concept of God as personal ultimately led to the Trinity, which is surely one of the most distinctive. In Christianity their holy book is the bible ( Jewish bible and New Testament). Also their main day for worship is on Sunday in a church, chapel, and cathedral. Judaism is a monotheistic religion which believes that the world was created by a single, all-knowing divinity, and that all things within that world were designed to have meaning and purpose as part of a divine order. There are three branch of Judaism which form a type of lifestyle and beliefs of Jewish individuals. â€Å"Orthodox- Traditionalists who observe most of the traditional dietary and ceremonial laws of Judaism. Conservative- Do not holds to the importance of a Jewish political state, but put more emphasis on the historic and religious aspects of Judaism, doctrinally somewhere between Orthodox and Reform. Reform- The liberal wing of Judaism, culture and race oriented with little consensus on doctrinal or religious belief† (McDowell, J. 1992). Judaism has no dogma, no formal set of beliefs that one must hold to be a Jew. In Judaism, actions are far more important than beliefs, although there is certainly a place for belief within Judaism. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power? The central prayer of any Jewish religious service is to â€Å"love God†. Palestine was where Judaism found. The main day for worship is on Saturday in synagogue. Moses was the greatest of the prophets for Judaism and there holy book was Torah ( bible). Comparing the view of God between Islam, Judaism and Christiantaiy would reveal som e similarities but Judaism and Christianity will come closer in doctrine. This is because of the Old Testament. Both Judaism and Christianity reject the Origin of the Islamic faith. These are broad statements in comparing the three but still are general facts. From infancy, Muslims are taught about the oneness of God, hence monotheism. Muslim theology also advocates unity of the human race as one family under God and reject the Biblical teaching of a â€Å"chosen† people. To the Muslim, Allah is the name of God that encompasses all the Holy divine attributes. As in the Jewish faith, Jesus is regarded as a prophet but is rejected as the Holy Son of God. Judaism, at least from a traditional religious sense, draws its belief in a monotheistic existence of God from the Old Testament writings. In traditional Judaism, God is often perceived as a loving Father who is infinitely majestic with divine power. The three religions believe that human beings are the highest creatures here on earth. The three Abrahamic religions believe that God and human beings can and should communicate with each other. By revelation God communicates to people, among which the most important are revelation through prophets. These revelations are recorded in the Holy Scriptures of each religion. While the Holy Scriptures of the three religions are not the very same, nevertheless the younger two religions acknowledge God's truth as found in the previous religions, and encourage respect to the Holy Books. All three religions foster modesty, moderation, and honest work. We are to submit ourselves to the will of God. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share many salient features. All three of these major world religions posit the existence of a single God, or a monotheistic deity. In Christianity, however, it is held that the single God is possessed of three natures, that of God the Father, the Son , and the Holy Spirit. Despite differences, at their core all three religions share the theme of right living and social interaction based upon it, as demonstrated in the following precepts from each religion: Christianity Thou shall not steal; Thou shall not commit adultery; Honor they mother and father. Islam Religion is based on reward and punishment; be good and you will be rewarded, be bad and you will be punished on the terrible day of reckoning. Judaism Refrain from incest, bloodshed, robbery, injustice and lawlessness, inhuman conduct, and idolatry. All three religions closely link religion and morality. Religion is to be manifested by showing concern for the well-being and dignity of others, in a life of service to others, and in personal and social ethical behavior.

Iraq war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iraq war - Essay Example Several have taken place from the time to time in the Middle East. But somehow the US- Iraq war remains the most significant of them all. US formed alliance with Israel to accomplish this mission against Iraq. The war had changed many aspects in both the countries. In Iraq, US dominion was started which continued till date. After it lost the war, it came under direct control of US government. Presently, Iraq is facing the terrible consequences of war. It had lost its secular state, its welfare limited and its dignity lost. But on the other hand, US too had to pay a certain price for the win. Apart from war casualties, it had faced a huge blow from economic point of view. In Iraq, the US motto was not to end the reign of Saddam Hussein, but something more than that. Surely, it had won the war, but at price which often shocked the rest of the world. US army, even the high- order military personnel illegitimately arrested innocent civilians, killed them, deported them and often even tor tured them to death. Thus, total loss incurred can broadly be divided into three segments: human loss, financial loss and physical loss. Numerous surveys and researches have attempted to find out the exact number of death causalities in Iraq. The US have followed the Vietnamese model of not counting the total number of dead, likewise, they have not provided actually number of civilian dead (Steele, and Goldenberg) The war has surely increased violence all over Iraq, which is continues till date. The Iraq Body Count (IBC) has claimed that there have been 1,220,580 victims, including war period and post war casualties, with a majority of the families losing more than one family member. Yet other sources like Baltimore/ Lancelet figure claims that Iraq has experienced more deaths. According to Frederick â€Å"Skip† Burkle, the survey had deliberately ignored the number of deaths caused by secondary causalities. Insufficient health- services, unemployment, poverty, loss of family and emotional loss, etc also lead to death of thousands of Iraqis. Civilian death in Iraq numbers somewhere around 104,000 with another 230,000 reported as missing. But all the sources unanimously agree to the fact that the war with US has devastated Iraq, making it struggling hard for survival and sustenance. US was also affected claiming 4000 lives, though the number much less compared to Iraq’s (Steele and Goldenberg). Another situation of human loss occurred when hundreds of thousands of Iraqis fled from their homeland. The chief reason behind this was terror, bloodshed and tyranny inflicted by the US soldiers. The political unrest made the lives of Iraqis so difficult that they sought refuge in other parts of the globe, especially in Jordan and Syria, who is Iraq’s neighboring countries. This was further confirmed by the Iraqi Exodus video which states that Iraqi immigrants have increased the total population of these two countries. However, lives of those new im migrants were not easy. They are facing more hardships because of lack of work permit and shelter (Benson). However, it has to be remembered that that the US- Iraq war not only carries superficial financial loss, but also macroeconomic costs. The war has resulted in higher consumption of resources, than that was estimated before the war started in 2003. Oil prices shot from $23 in 2003 to $90 in US, as an aftermath of US- Iran war. Firstly, war hampered the regular supply of oil from Middle East countries including Iraq and Iran. Secondly, war increased consumption of

McCains Proposal to Cut Tricare for Retirees and it's Impact Essay

McCains Proposal to Cut Tricare for Retirees and it's Impact - Essay Example To support this move, leaders from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air force testified citing the devastating effects would have. Unfortunately, these military Leaders were uninformed about the proposal to cut TRICARE for retirees and its effects. The cuts known as sequestration will have an impact of weapons modernization and force levels if the committee does not cut a deal by the deadline. According to Philpott (2011), Senator McCain stated that putting retirees under the age of sixty-five to forcefully use TRICARE standard, health insurance from civilian employers or free-for service among other options would help the department of defense save up to one hundred and eleven billion dollars in the coming decade. In McCain’s view, it would be better to remove the TRICARE deal than take an alternative that would reduce funds for equipment, essential weapon programs and training that is needed by the military. McCain’s reason for bringing up the proposal, according to a staff member was to ensure that the super committee picks an option that would not compromise the department of defense, military personnel and their families while maintaining TRICARE provisions (Philpott, 2011). However much this proposal might seem perfect, it is bound to cause more harm than good. The military personnel will not accept this proposal. ... Cutting the TRICARE prime would make them use other options used by the civilians. This is bound to be expensive for the military retirees. The premise that restricting military retirees and their families from TRICARE prime would make them avoid spending cuts would not be cost-effective. Cuts must be spent either way. Restricting participation in TRICARE prime would not save any cost. Most military working-age retirees are not rich. Cutting them off from TRICARE prime would seriously impair their financial capacities. Another impact the proposal would have is that is has not considered retirees under the age of sixty who do not have additional health insurance, have no employment or are homeless. All military retirees should receive the same treatment from the government. Restricting TRICARE prime against working-age retirees will be a form of discrimination. They choose to get into the military to protect the country. However, they do not choose to retire early. It is because of me dical and disabling conditions that arise from work related issues that make force them to retire. Unlike retires over the age of 65, the working-age military retirees retire while young and may not get other employments because of their medical and or disabling conditions. Therefore, this proposal would discriminate on retires based on age. The fact that working age military retirees make up almost half of the percentage of TRICARE eligible population does not make it right for them to be used as sacrificial lamps in order to save cuts. This would be problematic because there is no justification as to why they should be restricted together with their families. Their chances of getting other employment opportunities are as slim as those

Market strector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market strector - Essay Example very difficult due to the strong hold of the said organization this type of market existence, in which the firm has the strongest hold over the industry, is called monopoly. (McConnell, Brue, 2006). There are two types of monopolies. Natural Monopoly exists when an organization possesses a strategic control over assets or production, operations and/or distribution systems pertaining its particular product or industry. (Brakman, Heijdra, 2004). For example, an organization providing the government with the nuclear power plant energy would have a natural monopoly since it is performing a task which is highly strategic in nature. On the other hand, Coercive Monopoly refers to any other type of monopoly that has been acquired deliberately. It includes erecting barriers for potential competitors to enter into the business, acquiring patents, mergers & acquisitions with the competitors to engulf competition, etc. (Brakman, Heijdra, 2004). Firms often tend to achieve monopoly through erecting barriers for potential competitors to enter the market. These barriers may be of three types. The â€Å"economic barriers† include economies of scale (largely reducing costs through mass, full scale production), large capital requirements, technological superiority and absence of close substitute products. The â€Å"legal barriers† refer to intellectual property rights including patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc. which provide an organization with a strong edge over the competitors. Firms may also indulge in â€Å"deliberate action† including lobbying the government and concerned parties, collusion, etc. to acquire monopoly. (McConnell, Brue, 2006). The barriers like high liquidation costs that make it difficult for a firm to leave a business may also keep them from entering it enhancing the monopolistic effect of the already existing firm in the market. (McConnell, Brue, 2006). Firms may acquire patents in order to secure their monopolistic presence. They may come up with any

Using relevant theories and examples, explain how motivation can Essay - 2

Using relevant theories and examples, explain how motivation can affect employees commitment and performance at work - Essay Example Keeping valuable employees motivated in an organisation is not only intended to make them commit and perform but also to keep them over the long haul (Frasch 2010). There are many implements used by business organisations to motivate their employees. The most common notion about motivation is to shower them with fat paychecks but this proved to be inadequate in keeping employees motivated (Herzberg 1987). As what organisational theorists have reported, committing employees to perform towards a common goal involves an interplay of various factors that involves not only remuneration, but also the social and psychological dimensions of work that keep employees productive. Several business organisations even went as far as integrating play with work not only to keep their employees committed and productive, but also to induce creativity in the workplace which proved to be beneficial to a company’s diversification drive such as the case of Google (Lovewell 2005). These various motivation theories shall be discussed in this paper and we will also tackle how these theories affect performance in today’s competitive environment. The idea of the necessity to motivate employees to encourage commitment and performance among employees was first conceived by management classical theorists such as Taylor, Maslow, Mayo, McGregor, Vroom and Herzberg. While modern management and organisational theorists will argue that their concepts of motivating employees to commit and perform are inadequate, it cannot be denied that these classical theorists provided the basic building blocks of the know-how to motivate employees. From a simple idea of Taylor that adequate remuneration motivates employees, it later expanded to include the other dimension of human needs and aspects with the aim of fulfilling these needs that would enable employees to commit to the organisation better perform. Such, it would be necessary to cite and expound the ideas of these

Said's Orientalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Said's Orientalism - Essay Example Browne from England used to be an ardent supporter of the constitutional revolution that took place in Iran as well as Louis Massignon with respect to the Algerian movement for the sake of gaining independence and not to forget Hurgronje who used influence which was in favor of a more sensitive and understanding attitude towards those whom the nations were ruled by. Thus for this matter, Hourani has invited all and sundry to reconsider Edward Said's indispensable formulations, theses as well as conclusions and study the relationships that were there between the religion of Islam and the West. The same was however achieved in a more positive manner than the one done by Edward Said. However, from an Orientalism standpoint, it is true that at the level of religious encounter Islam was gravely a problem for the Christians of Europe. Also the fact is there that another and not less important than the same, a similar kind of attitude was at the center of the contact and relations between the Christians and the followers of Islam and at later stages between the secular Europe and the World of Islam, which in essence involved a deep exchange of ideas and beliefs between the people. However, for the duration of the seminal and incisive phase of Islam, a number of illustrious Muslim theologians and thinkers which might include Ali al Tabari, Imam al Ghaza li, and Ibn Hazm started to put into practice major works in an attempt to disprove and contest the central principles and systems of beliefs related to the religion of Christianity.

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Hinduism - Essay Example Such is the her greatness that the kings and all other men seek help from her as she is the one praised by all the gods; Goddess Lakshmi holds a dominant position in the hierarchy of Hindu gods. She is called many things such as; the sacred fire, the golden one, the one garlanded in silver and gold, are some of her attributes. Her arrival means good news for the people and her procession brings good luck and happiness for them. When the goddess approaches the poet it brings them comfort. Her sacred fire looks fierce but it glistens like smooth cool water. She herself is very content and also bestows contentment on her people. She is also the protector of people; the poor seek refuge in her presence. Her arrival is glorified in the original Sanskrit poems so much so that it appears that the concept of happiness and comfort is her creation. The poem tells that worldly pleasures like gold, cattle, horses and even loyal friends become the destiny of her followers when she arrives. It is as if when the goddess gives attention to the one invoking her she bestows contentment, love, satisfaction and worldly p leasures onto that person; Be it the common people or the king, everyone bows before the goddess Lakshmi and seeks her help. The poem praises her beauty and calls her the ‘sun brilliant’. The poem says that through her austerity the bilva tree springs up and gives fruits that has the power to dispel Alaksmi (the goddess of misfortune). Later the poem also asks the goddess to bestow fame and give wish fulfilling jewel. The fame and fortune is also in her powers to bestow upon the common people. Goddess Lakshmi does not only provide worldly pleasures and wealth. She also gives the peace of mind, the pleasure and the truthfulness in speech. When goddess Lakshmis daughter, Kardama, dwells in a person it will make Lakshmi dwell in his home. The Lotus garlanded Shri is also her title.

Friction tsing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Friction tsing - Essay Example The flow of information is critical in engaging the world in conservation of natural resources. Tsing explores the practical lessons that help in guiding the society to their desires and nightmares in life (Tsing, pg15). The global connections help in strengthening the resolve and grip of peoples aspirations. Capitalism requires that each in society amass wealth and resources as much as he can be able to get. This concept has led to environmental degradation since people are clearing forest for settlement. On the other hand, the unregulated exploitation of natural resources is at its peak causing pollution. Clearing of forest has led to extinction of species that took years to assemble (Tsing, pg19). The environmentalist and conservationist are surprised by the environmental transformation. The corporations who exploit the natural resources inefficiently spearhead these transformations. The frontiers of capitalism, politics, and science depend on the global connection as they spread through peoples aspiration (Tsing, pg38). These frontiers elicit the energy of people in the society in realizing their universal schemes and dreams. In essence, this helps in educating people on universal goals. The emergence of environmental movement and activism is a resultant of these frontiers. It awakens people perception on globalization and its effects on the environment, exploitation of natural resources, and democratization. Corruption and poor leadership is to blame for lack of development in man nations. Moreover, the corrupt and imperial rule is the cause for the environmental degradation and earth transformation (Tsing, pg17). The local people who depend on the forest for their basic needs are to blame since they also help these corporations in making the landscape inhabitable. Destruction of forest by corporation is the cause of the emergence of democratic movement. Politics on conservation of

Review On Film Amadeus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review On Film Amadeus - Essay Example The brilliance of his music had the capacity to hold its listeners in sheer awe or make them green with envy. Mozart was a revered court composer who worked in the court of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, who was an ardent patron of the arts. The Emperor commissions Mozart to compose an opera in German and not in the customary Italian. His contemporary, Antonio Salieri, who was not a very good composer in the same court, became green with envy and vowed to take revenge on Mozart. The unassuming Mozart who was childish, arrogant and brilliant at the same time was gradually trapped by the fiendish Salieri who kept on taunting Mozart with guilt feelings about him being a bad son to his parents. The continuous torture meted out by the jealous Salieri finally became the cause for the downward spiraling of the genius and drove him to ill health and his death.The chief protagonist in the story is Farid. Murray Abraham, who plays the part of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the musical genius. Tom E dward Hulse, plays the part of Antonio Salieri who takes revenge against Mozart because he deeply desired to attain the musical genius of Mozart but sadly cut a deplorable figure in front of him. The other characters in the story are Constanze who plays the part of Mozart’s wife. Though she shares the juvenile qualities of her husband she is also inclined towards business which is lacking in Mozart. The character of Emperor Joseph II is played by Jeffrey Jones and is portrayed as a very self- centered and superficial ruler.

Axia College of University of Phoenix Essay Example for Free

Axia College of University of Phoenix Essay The purpose and meaning of life, is to live it in the most meaningful way a person can. I work hard on this daily, and try to show the younger generation that life can be so beautiful in a lot of positive ways if you lead it the way you want it. My personal narrative will be away to express myself like I have not done before by using theories in my readings. I am a thirty-year-old man who is very energetic, outgoing, hard working that not only values my life, but everyone else’s as well. The past five years of my life have been a five-part movie that could have big as the Lord of the Rings series. I started school, two businesses, regular job I got promoted, and bought a new house. I have had to take a back seat on being there for all my family, and friends like I am use to, because for once I had to utilize time for myself. My meaning of life stayed the same thru out these years; I think these things have made me more mature on things, and to love myself a little more. The major thing that made me really evolve in the past 5 years I believe is starting school. Six years prior to me starting at UOP I dropped out of college, because I had no clue what I wanted to use my skills for, I was very lost, unhappy, and I was doing nothing for myself it was for everyone else. That single event by enrolling back in school changed my personality over night for the better. The next day I started weeding people out of my life that where imputing nothing but negatives in it. That was defiantly the turning point for me without a doubt. This event came at the right time also in my life since I was in a very dark place at the time, so I guess you can say it was meant to be. Then I started two business ventures that I had wanted to start which proved to me that I could do something for myself to benefit my life and stability. I now have more than enough responsibilities that I did not have before, like keeping my business in order supplies to maintaining my customer relationships. My new house has been the biggest ordeal and not in a bad way it has been extremely difficult to get it to my standards, and since I am so busy I have not taking time just for my house. These challenging changes in my life now are very hard to deal with, but I would not make any changes at all, because this is the happiest I have been. I have been hard on myself, but not to the point of stressing. Happiness proves to be an interesting window through which to view continuity and change in personality (McAdams, 2006). With that said it shows in my everyday life that no matter what I am faced with today my life is a lot better now than then. I took a lot growing up without a father from not being able to afford things I wanted to not having the self-confidence in myself to make change. When you receive that unexpected high grade on a tough assignment, you are likely to feel good, and your well-being shoots way up (McAdams, 2006). Starting my businesses, buying the house, and getting promoted where some very tough assignments in the past five years, but I feel so much better about who I am with a better well being. What roles have religion, race, culture, family, and gender played in the development of my personality, well the major thing that played a role was family. My family pushed me so much to a point where failing would not be expectable in any manner. My girlfriend has never stopped believing in me she always said I will be somebody, and no one can take that from me. My race, and religion beliefs did not have a huge factor in any part of this, but my personality got me sixty percent of what I have today. Looking back on the past seeing the transition that has taking place in my life from five years ago is something in itself to boost my ego. Five years ago without UOP I can honestly say that there is no way I would be where I am now. Life is a wonderful thing to have, we make our own destiny, and being rich or poor should not make us who we are, but being in love with life and our good talents that we possess should play a huge part of what we are. McAdams, D. (2006). The person: a new introduction to personality psychology. (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Television broadcast Essay Example for Free

Television broadcast Essay 1. The pressure announced on last nights television weather broadcast was 29.92. Explain how this was measured and give the units. Would this be considered an unusually large or low pressure value? A pressure announced on the weather forecast of 29.92 is an average measurement. It is measured with a barometer and in the United States the units of measure are inches of mercury, or inHg. This is what meteorologist are referring to in their forecasts. 29.92 inHg is a measurement within the normal range. This may be referred to as air pressure, atmospheric pressure or barometric pressure. They are all the same thing. Low pressure readings are associated with stormy weather and precipitation, while high pressure readings are indicated by clear and calm weather. Here is Portland, Oregon, where it rains 9 months of the year, we experience normal pressure readings of 29.92 inHg or slightly higher or lower. It only changes when we have exceptionally worse or better weather. 2. If the earth did not rotate, how would you expect winds to blow with respect to high and low pressure centers? With no earth rotation, winds would blow in straight lines. They would move from a huge high pressure region, the side in direct sunlight, to the lowest pressure region. This would be the dark side of the earth. The side the sun never touches. Cold air from the dark side would then be pulled back to the sunny side in straight lines to be warmed and then pushed back again. The dark side would be in a constant state of stormy weather, while the sun side would experience beautiful clear, calm, sunny days. If it didn’t get cooked by the sun, that is. 3. If the pressure gradient force remained the same but the earths rate of rotation decreased slightly, would you expect the speed of the geostrophic wind to increase, decrease or remain about the same? If pressure gradient winds remained the same but the earth’s rotation slowed geostrophic winds would increase. The Coriolis force is a force based on the earth’s rotation. Because the earth spins objects in the atmosphere do not move in straight lines. The earth’s rotation causes them to veer of course. This is the CF. Pressure gradient winds (PGF) along with CF balance out geostrophic winds. If the earth slowed, the CF would decrease, so geostrophic winds would have to increase to maintain this balance. 4. Explain why it is much more difficult to measure snowfall amount than rainfall amount. Rain is measured by the amount of liquid contained in the measurement device. Whatever is amount of liquid is in the device, is the  measurement. However snow, has various factors that can impact its measurement. First of all snowfall measurement is based on how much liquid there would be if the snow was melted into liquid form. There are several factors that can impact how much snow is measured in a device. Wind can move snow from high points to low points and vice versa. The surface on which the snow is falling onto can also impact a measurement. The length of time the snow has been on the ground and how compact it is can also effect measurements. Measuring in several places and then using an average can give a more accurate total. Meteorologists usually forecast snow amounts giving a range of totals due to these factors which make it challenging to give an exact forecast. 5. Would you expect to find a subsidence inversion to be associated with high or low pressure? What effects might a subsidence inversion have on weather conditions at the ground? Subsidence inversions happen in areas of high pressure. A mass of cold air sinks slowly and is heated by adiabatic compression lower in the atmosphere. This causes this type of inversion. Subsidence inversions are high in the atmosphere and never reach the bottom because of turbulent mixing. The top of a subsidence inversion can usually be indicated by a smoky or dusty looking layer that has a distinguishable line. This line marks the top of this inversion. Effects can include low visibility and poor air quality. References Ahrens, C. D. (01/2014). Essentials of Meteorology: An Invitation to the Atmosphere, 7th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved fromhttp://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781305439733

Modernization theory and marxists understandings and interpretive theories

Modernization theory and marxists understandings and interpretive theories The term development has been one of the main themes in contemporary educational discourses. In order to materialize this discourse in action, various theories and philosophies have emerged. Modernization theory, Marxists philosophy and various forms of interpretive theories are some of the examples of those emergences. Each theory and philosophy mentioned above has its own way of defining development but the ultimate target of all these theories is the same, and that is to guide society into the path of development. It is into this context that I would review modernization theory, Marxists understandings and interpretive theories and at the same time would explore their premises and inquiry processes. Based on those understandings I would develop an educational plan, which would help address the need of impoverished children of different caste, ethnicity and religious orientations. Let me begin with modernization theory. This theory perceives development in a linear form. In this linearity, developed societies sit at the top of the line while the least developed sit at the bottom. The whole notion of modernization theory thus is to find ways on how the least developed society can frog leap itself from the bottom position to the top position. Emerged in Europe in the 17th century, this theory often sees traditions as obstacles to economic growth. In doing so, this theory attempts to identify the social variables, which contribute to social progress and development of societies, and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. In other words, modernization is a process of socio-cultural transformation that brings changes in sectors like politics, culture, economics, society, and so on. As stated earlier, modernization is a transformation process. Supporting this statement, Zhang Thomas (1994) state that during this process workplace shifts from home to the factory (industrialization), people move from farms into cities where jobs are available (urbanization) and large scale formal organizations emerge (bureaucratization). Apart, this process of change also involves changes in norms, values, institutions and structures. However, in between these transformation processes there are certain premises through which this theory stands its arguments. These premises meanwhile are mostly related to political, cultural, economics and social dimensions of modernization. Democratic restructuring of the society is the major premise of the political dimension of modernization. In fact, it believes in the power of the people and voices the concerns of the people. Saying so, it advocates the democratic notion of politics whereby everyone has the freedom to voice their concerns not like the political structure of non-democratic states where there is less freedom of such kind. This view of modernization argues that human agents are responsible for shaping and controlling the development and the altered opportunities in the society. However, this dimension of modernization resides on three sub premises. First, it assumes that vertical accountability in the society is essential. The fulfillment of this premise, according to modernization theory would allow citizens to choose their political leaders through elections and at the same time participate in various political activities. In the words of Sen (2007) this premise brings political freedom in the societ y, which then brings other forms of freedoms as well. Second, political restructuring needs horizontal accountability in the society. This premise believes that democracy would allow the decentralization and devolution of power to the lower level. The fulfillment of this premise, according to modernization theory would prioritize local knowledge and understanding in every aspects of the society. Third, political restructuring rests on societal accountability as well. In saying so, this premise states that political restructuring permits civic associations, other I/NGOs and an independent mass media to watchdog and monitor the actions of the state. All these premises have one thing in common and that is the fact that it puts people on top of the structure or system. In other words, the major inquiry process of this form of modernization rests on the fact that people believed democratic process because it guarantees inclusiveness of all forms in every aspects of the society. Sen (Ibid ) boosted this inquiry process by claiming that political freedom brings human and political rights, social opportunities, transparency guarantees and protective security. The rights-based approach to development, at the same time focused on participation and accountability as two major elements that would be essential for democratic reforms in the society. All these premises and inquiry processes state that democracy is the crowning achievement of a long process of modernization (Source). In Nepalese politics thought, these premises and inquiry processes have had both positive and negative impacts. The restoration of multi-party democracy in 1990 BS is an example of the successful universal democratization process in Nepal. The inclusion of various forms of acts and rights is also a direct fruits of the modernization process. Mass consciousness has grown about universal concepts like good governance, popular participation, civil society and so on. The exposure of the Nepalese people to the outside world has also brought important changes in peoples life style including political life. However, modernization has also brought negative impacts in Nepalese political system. The resentful socio-cultural factors like caste and class and ethnic minorities have become stronger. The state has diverted its attention and service towards the protection of the interests of the donor-financed projects. The international donor organizations like World Bank and the International Mone tary Fund has interfered in the economic, political, social and military life of the country. Modernization has also caused a progressive erosion of the ideology of major political parties of Nepal, which has brought them to more or less common front. With the process of democratic restructuring, the decision making power of the government has gradually shifted to international institutions like Multi National Companies and international donor agencies. All these impacts suggest that a) modernization works effectively in a politically stable nation b) modernization supports developed nations rather than the least-developed nations c) the term modernization has become equivalent with westernization and d) modernization has made the political system of the least developed countries a donor driven. Like political restructuring, economic restructuring is also one of the major premises of modernization theory. In saying so, modernization theory rests on three sub premises of economic restructuration and they are policies of economic liberalization, globalization and privatization. Resources are available in all parts of the country and hence there shouldnt be any barriers to the transaction of resources in and outside the country is the major reason why modernization theory premises economic liberalization as one of the keys to development. In doing so, modernization theory advocated laissez faire economy and inquired that less government restriction on economy is an efficient way of encouraging development in the society. The state, at the same time inquired that lesser intervention in economic activities would enable the country to prioritize its activities in sectors like education, health and national security. Apart from liberalization policy, modernization theory also resid es on private mode of economic transactions. In other words, modernization theory presumes that private sectors have better managerial and profit-earning skills in compared to public enterprises that have less skill of those types. In saying so, this premise inquired that private sector through the use of technologies and various capitals manage the economic transactions very efficiently. Lastly, the idea that the existing capital, technology, labor, raw materials, information and transportation, distribution and marketing are integrated and/or interdependent on a global scale is the major premise through which economic globalization equips the development of countries. In this scenario, modernization theory inquired that free mobility of labor takes place amongst the nations. In fact this theory inquired that information, economy, technology and ideas are beyond the control of national government and hence stated that internationally globalized economy is one of the main sources th rough which those limitations could be fulfilled. Adding the political dimension of modernization into the economic dimension of this theory, Feng (2003) states that democracy along with policies of liberalization, globalization and privatization are keys to economic and social development because it allows policy certainty, political stability, the establishment and enforcement of rules that protect property rights, the promotion of education, the ability to promote private capital, and the reduction of inequality. The economic dimension of modernization has also provided both positive and negative impacts in Nepal. The abolition of licensing requirements for industrial investment, opening of the infrastructure, education and health sectors to the private sector and liberalization of convertible currency transactions are some of the few success stories from Nepal (Acharya, 2005). However, the depreciation of Nepalese rupee by two and half times against the American dollar and other convertible currencies between 1984/85 and 1995/96 can be considered as one of the negative impacts of modernization in Nepal (Ibid). The increasing number of imports in compared to exports can also be classified under the negative impacts of modernization in Nepal. The increasing number of absolute and relative poor from 5.3 million in 1984/85 to 8.8 million in 1995/96 is another example which illustrates that modernization has not been able to address the poverty issue. Unfortunately, distribution of income has bec ome more skewed with fewer numbers of people earning more and vice versa. All these examples suggest that modernization has a) enabled free movement of labor and capital in and outside the country; as a result Nepalese market has been penetrated by capitals and labor from neighboring countries with very little gains for the mass of the population b) created an environment where minority benefitted the most c) has disrupted traditional livelihood patterns without creating alternative channels of employment for the masses. Social and cultural restructuring are two remaining premises of modernization theory. The previously stated dimensions of modernization saw political and trade ties as major premises while social and cultural dimension of modernization valued shared life, shared clothing styles and mass media as major premises of development. This idea got lots of boost when Parsons (date) stated that maintaining traditions for traditions sake is not good for society and hence societies should be open to change and oppose the reactionary forces that restrict the development of the society. This statement from Parsons is another important premise upon which modernization rests upon. In addition, the idea that political and economic restructuring would enable and encourage indigenous peoples society, culture and language remained as one of the major premises of this dimension of modernization theory. Although there have been many claims that modernization destructs cultural and social identity, Tomlins on (2003) presumes that modernization in fact resists the centrifugal force of cultural and social capitalist globalization but at the same time allows pluralistic visions on other cultures. This understanding inquires three facts about cultural and social dimensions of modernization. First, the regulatory and socializing institution of the state, in particular, the law, the education system and the media always ensure that nation doesnt loose its cultural and social identity. Second, modernization inquires the feeling of nationalism in the country, the feeling, which Billig (1995) terms as banal nationalism that continuously flags the sense of national belongings in the country, particularly through media discourse. Third, modernity institutionalizes and regulates cultural practices, by which we imagine attachment and belonging to a place or a community. Favoring this statement, Tomlinson (2003) argues that modernization inquires identity in the cases where there were no identity i n previous times and even if there were identities, modernization institutionalizes and regulates those identities. Much like the political and economic dimensions of modernization, social and cultural dimensions also had both positive and negative impacts in Nepalese society. The increasing use of science and technology, better health care system, transportation and communication facilities, expansion of education to all and imports of foreign consumer products are some of the major positive impacts that have taken place in Nepal after the modernization era. However, the ideology that west is the best psyche that is shaping up in least developed countries like ours is arguably the most negative impact of modernization. Similarly, the invasion of western culture in least developed countries like ours is also making people passive; hence they are not interested in the everyday problems but rather are interested in alien music, songs, dance, sports and life styles. In this scenario, we are getting sandwiched in between various cultures. Another notable negative impact is the increasing number of bra in drain and muscle exchange from one country to another. The data from Ministry of Education shows that in an average around 1,000 students apply for no objection letter from the ministry, meaning we are loosing those numbers of students on a day to foreign countries. All these examples state that cultural and social dimensions of modernization has a) out flowed labor and capital from the country b) displaced indigenous language, knowledge and production c) created inappropriate consumption and investment patterns d) developed allied local groups and e) widened elite-mass gap. To summarize, modernization theory believes in modern technology, encourages state and people to break their traditional way of doing works and so on. In doing so they advocated various forms of dimensions, which state needs to address if it is to be modern. The table given below summarizes all these premises and inquiry processes of modernization. Table 1: Dimensions, premises and inquiry processes of modernization Dimensions Premises Inquiry Processes Political Democratic restructuring Important role of human agents Vertical accountability Horizontal accountability Societal accountability People and technology have power to change Freedom is essential Independent mass media is necessary Democracy guarantees inclusiveness of all forms Economic Liberalization Globalization Privatization Resources are available in all parts of the country and hence no barriers to the transaction of resources Lesser intervention in economic activities by the state Private sectors have better managerial and profit-earning skills Free mobility of labor Information, economy, technology and ideas are beyond the control of national government Socio-cultural Shared life, shared clothing styles and mass media Open to change and oppose the reactionary forces that restrict the development of the society Pluralistic visions on other cultures The regulatory and socializing institution of the state ensure that nation doesnt loose its cultural and social identity Banal nationalism continuously flags the sense of national belongings in the country Cultural practices strengthen the attachment and detachment to a place and community Unlike modernization theory that advocates for capitalistic mode of governance and economy, Marx and Marxists propose the opposite. In fact, Marxists believe that capitalism, in due time falter; as a result socialist mode of governance and economy succeeds capitalism. In this regard, Marxism is the antithesis of capitalism, the antithesis that focuses on building a system where state controls the means of production, distribution and exchange. Inspired by the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Angels, Marxism is a radical political philosophy that views world from economic and sociologist lenses. In so doing, Marxism acknowledges that society comprises various classes of people and that capitalistic mode of economy further deepens this class structure by creating a gap between those haves and have-nots. In other words, Marxism believes that capitalism forms two major economic classes in the society; one is bourgeoisie that holds major forms of productions and possess most of the resources of the society while the other is proletariat that sells labor to bourgeoisie and virtually suffer from hand to mouth problem all the time. To make matter worse, the above stated dimensions of modernization theory, which Marxism believes are an essential element of capitalism, further, worsen the imbalances between the economic classes. For example, the political dimension of globalization advocates for lesser intervention of government in e conomic activities but Marxists believe that such action would encourage the growth of bourgeoisie while proletariats would always suffer. Sociologically, Marxism believes that society has a direct relationship with the productive capacity of labor. In other words, the higher the productive capacity of labor, the higher the development of society becomes and vice versa. Capitalism however underestimates this relationship; Marxists believe and claim that capitalism is the main reason behind the sufferings of working class laborers. In this regard, Marx and Marxists propose three main primary aspects in its philosophy a) struggle exists between social classes b) capitalism always exploits and c) proletarian revolution succeeds capitalism. Thus, Marxism is a humanity-centered philosophy. It is also an activist view of looking society. It recognizes the constraints upon human action and also acknowledges that those constraints are the creations of other sets of human beings. In the end, Marx and Marxists believe that socialism replaces capitalism just like the way capitalism replaced feudalism in the past. Underneath Marxism, there are four major premises that shape this philosophy. First, the notion that classes exists in the society; as a result social classes struggle against each other is the main premise of Marxism. Had different classes of people lived together in equal respects, the conflicting scenario wouldnt have happened and Marx philosophy wouldnt have started in the first place. According to this premise, it is the control over factors of production that is partly responsible for creating struggle between classes. In saying so, Marxists believe that foundation of society depends on the productive capacity of society. During time when the productive capacity of society increases the social relations of production and class relations also evolve and hence conflict and struggle start. This evolvement of class struggles according to Marxists; pass through definite stages starting from feudalism to capitalism and ultimately rests into socialism. Unlike capitalism that creates c lass struggles through self-centric activities, socialism according to Marxists, harmonizes the relationships between various classes as it allows collective social earning and redistributing of income to all. In this regard, socialistic movement is an essential element for Marx and Marxism, which according to them is the only solution for neutralizing the struggle between classes. Labor is the most important factor of production, which capitalism always undermines is the second premise of Marx and Marxism. Marx, in his philosophy discusses about necessary labor and surplus labor and argues that capitalism pays labor only the amount of wages that is sufficient enough for them to maintain their livelihood. This according to Marx and Marxism is the wages for necessary labor but argues that labors produce far more than they get paid, which Marx and Marxists call as extra earnings through surplus labor that capitalism do not share with the labors. Despite these exploitations, Marx and Marxists premise that laborers keep on competing with each other thus allowing capitalists to further exploit them and as a result laborers always lay at the bottom of a pyramidal authority structure. It is through this premise, the whole philosophy of Marx and Marxism believe that proletariat revolution is necessary and is capable enough to let laborers fight, defend and improve the position of their status at work. Only when the laborers or proletariat become the ruling class, the centralization of all instruments of production is possible, which then allows for acceleration of production, Marx and Marxists argue in support of this premise. The conception that private ownership of property increases inequality is the third premise of Marx and Marxism. Had there been a system where society owns all the means of production, the income inequality would not have happened and also the need for proletariat revolution would not have felt, Marx and Marxists believe. Marx Weber, one of the Marxists further built this premise stating that human beings earn cultural and religious capitals based on what sort of society and culture they get exposed into. In this scenario, if human beings get accustomed to capitalistic mode of owning property, Marx and Marxists believe that proletariats would always be in the state of misery. The only solution however, according to Marx and Marxists is the building up of socialist design of owning property where society would be the caretaker of all those property. Success in doing so means the minimization of frustration and antagonism on the part of people, Marx and Marxists believe. Abolition of t he right of inheritance, centralization of communication and transportation, universal and equal obligation to work, abolition of factory work for children, and expropriation of landed property are some of the ways through which Marx and Marxists argue that private ownership of property can be discouraged. Finally, the fourth major premise of Marx and Marxism is related to the relationship between base and superstructures, the two economic concepts that Marx and Marxism believe are not strictly causal but are reciprocal. Base, according to this premise are factors like employer-employee working conditions, the technical division of labor and property relations that comprehend the relations of production and it is on the basis of those bases people enter to produce the necessities and amenities of life. Superstructure meanwhile is the set of socio-psychological feedback loops that maintain a coherent and meaningful structure in a given society. Culture, religion, institutions, power structures, roles and rituals of the society are some of the examples of superstructures. Marx and Marxists thus believe that base and superstructures exist in the society and human beings, through these two factors build definite forms of their own consciousness. In this regard, this premise states that soc ial existence determines the consciousness of human beings not the other way around. Due time however, Marx and Marxists believe that conflict is likely to occur between base and superstructures, which then brings an era of social revolution. Just like other premises, which assume that social revolution ultimately brings socialism this premise also does the same. Already stated above, Marx and Marxism is a radical political philosophy. In this regard, it uses process of inquiry to arrive at hypotheses and theories about a domain of empirical phenomena. In so doing, this process also provides justification for the proposed hypotheses and theories as well. Also called as methodology in purely research terms, it allows us to recognize the systems, structures, and causal processes that are embedded in the social world, the world that gives rise to relations of power, domination, exploitation and resistance. Below given are some of the ways through which Marx and Marxists have analyzed their inquiry processes. First, Marxism uses material dialectics as an inquiry process in looking at the society. Materially, it focuses on the forces and relations of production, and at the same time postulates that technology and power are fundamental with regards to other social formations such as literature, culture and law. This process of inquiry is sensitive to the workings of ideology and false consciousness in our understandings of the social institutions within which we live, particularly the understanding of capitalism. It also pays special interest, and offers special concern, to the perspectives of the under classes at any given time in history. Likewise, Marx and Marxists by discussing ideas and opinions logically inquire that there are contradictions in historical processes and as a result change is necessary. Also called as dialectics, this inquiry process highlights the high-level hypothesis that capitalism is solely responsible for creating gaps between various classes of people and hence a s written earlier, change is necessary and inevitable. The rational choice approach is another inquiry process that Marx and Marxists often use in their philosophy. This approach postulates the fact that an individual is rational enough to think and act in regards to what is best and what is worst for them. Through this approach, Marx and Marxists explained the tools of political economy, and demonstrated the laws of capitalism. Marxs argument for the falling rate of profit, concerning the contradiction between the individual capitalists interests and the interests of the class of capitalists as a whole is an example of rational choice approach. Realist empiricism, according to Little (n.d) is the main epistemological inquiry process of Marx and Marxists. Through this inquiry process, Marx and Marxists arrive to the conclusion that scientific knowledge provides statements about unobservable structures that are approximately true, and that the basis of evaluation of such hypotheses is through appropriate use of empirical methods such as observation, experimentation, and historical inquiry. In this regard, their inquiry process of knowing the truth is premised on the notion that well-founded beliefs about the social world can be arrived on the basis of empirical methods and theoretical reasoning. The whole notion of class struggles and proletariat revolution are examples of such inquiry process where Marx and Marxists derive to the conclusion based on what they observe, what they experiment and what they historically inquire. In regards to metaphysical inquiry process of society and historical processes, Marx and Marxism have presupposes numerous assumptions. First, they inquire that social world is a causal order; in research terms social world bears a cause and effect relationship. The premise that class exists and as a result conflict arises is based on cause and effect inquiry process. Second, social structures have properties and causal characteristics. Third, individual constitute social structures through their actions and choices. Fourth, modes of production consist of sets of forces and relations of production. The idea of alienation, super structures and capitalistic design of social system are examples of this inquiry process. Ontologically, Marx and Marxism inquire that some individuals and groups control labor time of others and derive benefit from their labor without compensation. In saying so, this inquiry process argues that individuals have consciousness and freedom, but they find themselves always within the context of individuals and ideas that, in turn structure their understandings of the relations that govern them. The labor theory of value, and the theory of surplus value provide an analytical framework within which to theorize about exploitation. Marxs concept of alienation, fetishism and mystification are also foundation in his social ontology. The above given inquiry process clearly shows that Marx always tried to describe and explain the phenomena of capitalism based on a family of hypotheses, feelings, and ontological commitments. In this sense, it could be said that Marx and Marxism do offer some social science inquiry process but do not offer distinctively. Whatever process they have inquired, it provides a substantive contribution to social science, in the form of a series of descriptive and theoretical insights, particularly about the institutional anatomy and dynamics of capitalism and social behavior. The table given below summarizes the above-mentioned inquiry process. Table 2: Inquiry processes of Marx and Marxism Inquiry Types Inquiry Process Dialectical materials Focuses on the forces and relations of production Postulates that technology and power are fundamental with regards to literature, culture and law Pays special interest, and offers special concern, to the perspectives of the under classes Contradictions in historical processes Rational choice Individual is rational enough to think and act Through this approach, Marx and Marxists explained the tools of political economy, and demonstrated the laws of capitalism Realist empiricism (Epistemology) Scientific knowledge provides statements about unobservable structures that are approximately true Well-founded beliefs about the social world can be arrived on the basis of empirical methods and theoretical reasoning Metaphysics Social world is a causal order Social structures have properties and causal characteristics Individual constitute social structures through their actions and choices Modes of production consist of sets of forces and relations of production Ontology Individuals and groups control labor time of others and derive benefit from their labor without compensation Individuals have consciousness and freedom, but they find themselves always within the context of individuals and ideas Structural theories stated above focus on the situation in which people act. The proletariat revolution as a result of bourgeoisie exploitation is an example of structural theory where Marxists notion of exploitation is the situation and revolution is the act. The interpretive theories see human behavior as the outcome of the subjective interpretation of the environment. In other words, interpretive theories gains knowledge from somebody elses point of view and appreciates the cultural and social factors that may have influenced their outlook. Interpretive theories are important in this contemporary world, Bevir and Rhodes (n.d) argue because until and unless one doesnt understand human affairs properly, one cannot grasp the relevant meaning of anything. In this regard, it could be said that interpretive theorists acknowledge that in order to understand actions, practices and institutions, one need to grasp the meanings, beliefs and preferences of the people, society and other instit utions. In other words, exploration of ideas and knowledge through peoples lenses is the main impulse of interpretive theorists. As a result, various forms of interpretive inquiries have em

journalism Essay -- essays research papers fc

In old days men had the rack. Now they have the press. That is an improvement certainly. But still it is very bad, and wrong, and demoralising. Somebody - was it Burke? - called journalism the fourth estate. That was true at the time, no doubt. But at the present moment it really is the only estate. It has eaten up the other three. The Lords Temporal say nothing, the Lords Spiritual have nothing to say, and the House of Commons has nothing to say and says it. We are dominated by Journalism. The Soul of Man - Oscar Wilde Feudal society was traditionally divided into three "estates" (social classes). The "First Estate" was the Church (clergy - those who prayed). The "Second Estate" was the Nobility (those who fought - knights). It was common for aristocrats to enter the Church and thus shift from the second to the first estate. The "Third Estate" was the Peasantry (everyone else, at least under feudalism: those who produced the food which supported those who prayed and those who fought, the members of the First and Second Estates). These "estates" are defined primarily by what one does (as well as by the social class one is born into). The term 'fourth estate' is used today to refer to the mass media as a powerful watchdog in liberal democracy, revealing abuses of state authority and defending the democratic rights of citizens. The notion that the press is a great instrument of liberty providing a check on the abuse of government power – any power - is a central part of any political culture. "If people don't know about power and let their attention wander completely then those in power will take liberties". Andrew Marr, BBC's political editor Former editor of The Independent The main role of the press is to ensure transparency and accountability in the government’s dealings. The publisher of a newspaper is most often also the owner and is the papers top manager. If a chain or a large corporation owns the paper, the publisher represents the owner’s interests and ensures the business’s profitability. According to the News Writers Handbook, the owner’s opinion about the news of the day is usually echoed by the editorial page editor on the editorial page and on the op- ed page opposite the editorial. It is common for the editorial page editor to report directly to the publisher, and not the paper... ...t. The education editor reviews books and other education material that is to be used by students. "Perhaps the most urgent--and complex--task facing American education today is to figure out how to hold schools accountable for improved academic achievement. In this important new work, Helen Ladd†¦.. this book should be at the top of the reading list for anyone seriously interested in transforming the quality of American schools." Edward B. Fiske, Education Editor, The New York Times All the editors work together to produce a newsworthy newspaper. The sit in the newsroom and deliberate of the ethical principles and legal ramifications of running certain stories. They act as a checking system on one another and so help in upholding the philosophies of categorical imperative, hedonism, veil of ignorance, golden rule, golden mean and utilitatianism for the good of the newspaper and the greater good of the public. BIBLIOGRAPHY Rudin, Richard and Ibbotson, Trevor, Introduction to Journalism. Focal Press, 2002. Keeble, Richard Newspapers’ Handbook( Media Practices) Routledge, 1998. Frost, Chris, Reporting for Journalists. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Books Lt, 2001

Terrorism: We Must Fight ISIS :: Terrorism, ISIS

The world is at a rough point. ISIS has been taking over Iraq and Syria and no one there has been able to resist the spread. Some people from other countries wish to go fight lethally or non-lethally against the terrorist threat. There are also some that go to fight for ISIS. Allowing foreign volunteers to fight for the enemy should be recognized as a terrorist action. What should stop them from going to train with terrorists only to go back to their home country and spread terrorism there? The real issue is how countries view what is a terrorist country. A country may revoke a right of citizenship if someone wishes to go fight in a terrorist country. It could also be that the country considers a foreign volunteer to be a samaritan for a cause that they feel passionate enough that they would want to fight and possibly die for. The other part is the human element. It is natural for a human to go to a place and possibly fight for someone else because they feel that they need to help fellow humans with their cause. This reason is why the world sees so many foreigners fighting in countries like Syria and Iraq. This is also why some people go to fight for ISIS. ISIS is a major problem for Iran. Because we are neighbors to Iraq, we have a greater danger of being invaded. When it comes to volunteers, we have been sending over personnel to train Shia militants to fight ISIS. This effort, however, might not be enough. ISIS keeps growing stronger with its numerous amount of recruits. While others may go to Syria to fight against ISIS, the number is still not enough. Some people may think that we are a source of terrorism, we are not and are trying to fight it. The Sunni jihadists are after us, and we need Shias to fight with us (Byman). What we need are fighters from other countries to help assist in fighting against ISIS. There have been too many foreigners going to ISIS, women included. In October 2014, there were 4 women alone who tried to go fight for Syria but were arrested (Erlanger). Our problem is that we need the use of foreign volunteers in these armed conflicts because ISIS in Syria and Iraq are both way too close to home, and fearing an attack from them is quite possible.

Going Round Our Selves :: Personal Narrative Woolf Essays

Going Round Our Selves To tell the truth about oneself, to discover oneself near at hand, is not easy. -Virginia Woolf, "Montaigne" It was the end of August. I was eight years old and my mom, dad, brother, uncle, and I had gathered on the front porch of our lakeside cottage in Indiana. All day a thunderstorm raged outside. The rain swept across the lake in sheets from the north, flooding the boathouse and drenching the sheets and towels my mother and I had hung on the clothesline the night before. My brother and I had gone through every board game in the house and worn out the deck of cards, so he told me we were going to play catch, snatched up a tennis ball, and headed from the porch into the main part of the house. I, four years his junior, followed. It is here, first, that I feel I must pause; for just now, in this event as I have begun to recount it, there seem to be numerous forces at work. The way in which I remember the beginnings of this incident, the method by which I have started to put it into words, speaks to the rain that drove my family and me into the house and onto the porch, to my brother who effortlessly coaxed me into one game of monopoly after another, to the ease with which I complied with his silent instructions to follow him into the house for a game of catch. My actions seem so driven by things and people external to me that recalling my eight-year-old self has surprised and startled, unsettled me. In allowing this sensation of shock to play through my mind, I am instantly drawn to Virginia Woolf's "A Sketch of the Past," her version of a memoir in which she brings the places she grew up in, the people she knew, and a handful of the experiences that shaped her over the course of her life back into existence for us to read, perhaps eventually to come to know and be shaped by ourselves. Woolf is interested in this shaping and molding, the malleability, the instabilities of human existence that drive our daily lives; and so she sets out to explore and examine the power and influence of the forces in the early, formative years of one's life. She writes that somehow into the space and time of one's childhood must be brought, too, the sense of movement and change.

Hippotherapy

Plan of the project: 1) What is hippotherapy? 2) Analysis of the organization 3) SWOT analysis 4) Target Audience 5) Objectives PR campaign 6) Task of PR campaign 7) Plan of the PR program 8) Work plan of preparation for the conference â€Å"Hippotherapy-riding to health† 9) Information for controllable mass media 10) Information for non-controllable mass media 11) Budget 12) Press kit: * Press release * Information about organization * Biography of the CEO * List of quotations * Logo * Questionnaire for journalistsWhat is hippotherapy? About hippotherapy known since the time of Hippocrates. He claimed that the wounded and the sick get better faster if they ride on horseback, and melancholic part with their dark thoughts. In the middle of the XVIII century the encyclopedist Denis Diderot, in his treatise: â€Å"About riding and what it means to maintain health and to find it again†, wrote: â€Å"Among the exercise the first place belongs to ride. It can be used to trea t many diseases, but may also prevent them befores they appear. Hippotherapy is a comprehensive and multi-method of rehabilitation, a form of physiotherapy (physical therapy), where tools for rehabilitation are the horse, the process of riding and exercising that a person does during riding. While riding all the major muscle groups of the body receive a work out. This occurs at a reflex level, because sitting on the horse, moving along with it, the person instinctively tries to keep the balance not to fall off the horse, and thus encourages the active work of both healthy and affected muscles, without noticing it.Hippotherapy is the only type of treatment when the patient may not understand that he is treated, riding and communication with the horse becomes a game. Psychogenic factor increases the ability to adapt to reality. For a person with a mental disorder, the position on a horse becomes winning – â€Å"I above, but they below†. All the fundamental principles of psychotherapy – a unity of place and characters, the unity of time and unity of action – stay complied. Hippotherapy is effective in: †¢ Cerebral palsy. †¢ Orthopedic syndromes. †¢ Disorders of the musculoskeletal system that result from paralysis and other lesions of the central nervous system. Lesions of the senses – blindness, deafness. †¢ Disorders of posture, scoliosis †¢ Malformations of the limbs. †¢ Various forms of intellectual disability resulting from organic or genetic diseases. †¢ Down syndrome. †¢ Violations of the psycho-emotional sphere: * Autism * Neuroses * Mental retardation * Schizophrenia * Emotional disorders * Social maladjustment * Syndrome of hyperactivity * The state of anxiety The process of riding improves blood circulation and breathing, it involves the work of almost all the muscles and tendons, ligaments and joints of the body.This is particularly important for autistic people, who cannot be motor-active without stimulation from the outside – not counting their stereotypical movements. The horseback riding includes training of overall coordination, maintaining balance and responsiveness. It trains senses and a deep sensitivity. Through the senses different stimuli are taken and accumulated. The horse becomes a link between the inner world of the person and the surrounding reality. Communion of human and horse is a full chain of communicative feedback between person and the outside world, which allows a person to perceive reality more wholly.Analysis of the organization: Hippotherapy center SPIRIT was established in 2010 in Kiev, by a group of enthusiasts with the support of Children's Psychological Center. The center has eight experts: three hostlers and 5 hippotherapy specialists. It is located in the city of Kiev. The center has its own space: the manege – 900 m? , 200 m? stable, cafe 35 m? and public spaces of 30 m?. In the property of hippotherapy cen ter SPIRIT there are ten horses. An average weekly visits of the center 50 people. The cost of training is 40 UAH. An annual income from services of the organization is 96,000 UAH.An annual income from conferences and seminars is 250,000 UAH. Expenditure on the horses and the activities of the center is 600 000 UAH. The difference between the revenue and expenditure of the budget is covered by the Center of State Support, donations from individuals and charitable organizations, including  «American Hippotherapy Association ». To date, the HC SPIRIT has an opportunity to conduct 90 classes per week and is planning in two years to expand the area of the base in half and increase the number of horses to 15. SWOT analysis StrengthsEnthusiasm, love of horses, the desire to help people, professional knowledge and experience in the field of hippotherapy, specialists in medicine, such as: rehabilitation, neurology, psychotherapy and psychology. Existence of its own space in Kiev and tr ained horses. The support of the Children's Psychological Center. Weaknesses Material and technical infrastructure is not powerful enough to meet the demand for the services of the organization. Opportunities Prepared strong scientific base on a global level. The growing interest to hippotherapy of the target audience.The development of social orientation in sport, community and government organizations. Growth of financial capacity of the target audience through the creation and development of relevant charities, philanthropy and government support in recent years. Threats Unstable economic situation, the high cost of maintenance of horses (feeding, treatment, ammunition), high rates for advertising. Target Audience The target audiences for PR action are parents of children with specific diseases at whose treatment the hippotherapy is aimed.The scientific community is interested in the exchange of information in the study of hippotherapy. Ukrainian and international governmental an d non-governmental organizations that are related to the specific theme. Objectives PR campaign At this stage, the Organization aims to increase attendance in half and increase organizational effectiveness for the treatment of profile diseases, which, in turn, increase the interest in the work of the HC SPIRIT of the Ukrainian and international governmental and charitable organizations and increase their funding in the center.This will enhance the material and technical base of the center and go to the free form of treatment for patients. Also, the expansion of international recognition will help the exchange of scientific information and enhance the effectiveness of treatment. Task of PR campaign Improve the knowledge about the HC SPIRIT of potential customers, Ukrainian and international governmental and charitable organizations. Enhance the image of the center as an open, social-oriented organization with professional, scientific approach to work and the desire to develop.Plan of the PR program: 09:00 – 09:30 Registration of Journalists Meeting with the guests near the Hotel â€Å"MIR†, departure to the HC SPIRIT 09:30 – 10:00 Opening. Speeches by the President of the Equestrian Federation of Ukraine A. Onishchenko and the Deputy Head of the department of Reform and Development of medicine N. Hobzey. 10:00 – 11:00 A scientific conference on â€Å"Hippotherapy in the treatment of cerebral palsy. † Speakers: Professor A. Denisenko (Ukraine), neurologist, Professor D. Tsverava (Georgia) 11:00 – 12:00 Coffee Break 2:00 – 13:30 A scientific conference on â€Å"Hippotherapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system† Speakers: Professor M. Rukhadze (Georgia), Professor Naomi Robert (USA) 13:30 – 14:00 Lunch 14:00 – 14:30 Reception of children from Rehabilitation Center 14:30 – 16:00 Master Class. Hold by prof. Naomi Robert and prof. D. Tsverava. The program includes: practical lessons wit h children demonstrating different methods of hippotherapy in cerebral palsy, scoliosis, osteochondrosis 16:00 – 16:30 Departure of children to rehabilitation center.Coffee break 16:30 – 17:00 Communication with visitors. Questions and answers 17:00 Departure of guests from HC SPIRIT to the Hotel â€Å"MIR† End of program. Information for controllable mass media: For â€Å"Horses† & â€Å"What’s On† Magazines: â€Å"Hippotherapy – riding to health† – the slogan of charity event for children with disabilities. Nowadays it is great to hear about different kinds of charity events that are going on in all parts of the world. We are not an exception, being heard in Ukraine.A charity event is going to take place in Kiev, organized by volunteers and Hippotherapy center SPIRIT. It is an event for children with mental disabilities from rehabilitation center. Do we hear about hippotherapy every day? It is a form of physical, occup ational and speech therapy in which a therapist uses the characteristic movements of a horse to provide carefully graded motor and sensory input. Hippotherapy is also used in speech and language pathology. This method uses a horse to accomplish traditional speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing goals.Using hippotherapy, appropriate sensory processing strategies have been integrated into the treatment to facilitate successful communication. So, basically we can help the children without them even noticing it. The charity event is taking place on 6 April 2013. Children are transported from the rehabilitation center right to the HC SPIRIT. The parents are also invited to receive more information about the therapy. Professors and doctors prepare speeches about what is hippotherapy and how it can be used as a treatment for the child.The event is sponsored by the following organizations: the Equestrian Federation, Hippotherapy center SPIRIT, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Children's Psychological Center and American Hippotherapy Association. Information for non-controllable mass media: An event devoted to hippotherapy, which helps children with mental disabilities from Kiev rehabilitation center, is going to take place on the 6th of April 2013 in HC SPIRIT. Sponsors, doctors and professors, parents and children, as well as authorities are going to be present at this event.The main goal is to attract the society’s attention to children with disabilities and to inform guests about advantages of hippotherapy. The project is sponsored and supported by: the Equestrian Federation, Hippotherapy center SPIRIT, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Children's Psychological Center and American Hippotherapy Association. Budget 1. Coffee-break Program| Number of participants| Coffee-break menu| Quantity| Price per unit UAH| Total priceUAH| Price to payUAH| Source of financing| Coffee- break 1| 50? Coffee| 100 | 5 | 500| 4250| American Hippotherapy Association| | | Tea| 100| 5 | 500| | | | | Cookies| 10| 15 | 150| | | | | Sandwiches| 150| 10 | 1500| | | | | Server| 2| 300| 600| | | | | Transportation| | 500| 500| | | | | Other| | 500| 500| | | Coffee-break 2| 50? | Coffee| 100 | 5 | 500| 2750| American Hippotherapy Association| | | Tea| 100| 5 | 500| | | | | Cookies| 10| 15 | 150| | | | | Sandwiches| 150| 10 | 1500| | | Lunch| 50? | Coffee| 100| 5| 500| 2820| HC SPIRIT| | | Tea| 100| 5| 500| | | | | Set lunch| 52| 35| 1820| | | 5 doctors, 5 officials, 10 journalists, 10 personnel, 20 clients, 10 others 2. Transportation Transport| Number of people| Route| Price UAH| Total price UAH| Source of financing| Minibus for children| 10| Rehabilitation center – HC SPIRITHC SPIRIT – Rehabilitation center| 600| 1200| Ministry of Labor and Social Policy| Minibus for guests (doctors and specialists)| 5| Hotel – HC SPIRITHC SPIRIT â⠂¬â€œ Hotel| 600| 600| Ministry of Health| 3. Hotel | Number of people| Number of nights| Price per night UAH| Total Price| Source of financing| Guests (doctors and specialists)| 5| 2| 500| 5000| Ministry of Health| . Presents for children Type of present| Number of presents| Price per unit UAH| Total price UAH| Source of financing| Assorted candies| 50 packages| 40| 2000| American Hippotherapy Association| Books for painting| 50| 40| 2000| | 5. Mass-media Type of mass-media| Type of service| Number of advertisement| Price UAH| Total price UAH| Source of financing| Magazine â€Å"Zdorovie†| Order a special article| One page + three photo| 2000| 2800| Children's Psychological Center| Web-site zdorovbud. com. a| Placing an article| | 800| | | Photograph | | | 500| 500| Equestrian Federation| 6. Advertisement materials Type of advertisement| Type of work| Number of materials| Price UAH| Total price UAH| Source of financing| Prospect, press release? | Layout, printing| 100| 1200| 1200| HC SPIRIT| Prospect of the conference showing sponsors? | Layout, printing| 300| 1500| 1500| Equestrian Federation| Brochure with materials about hippotherapy? | Layout, printing| 100| 2500| 2500| Ministry of Health| Internet banner? | Creating, placement on websites zdorovbud. om. uamedical. us | | 800| 800| HC SPIRIT| ? Distributed four months before the conference to the media, charitable organizations, social organizations, in order to find sponsors. ? Distributed three months before the conference in the profile of medical institutions and doctors. ? Issued after the  conference to all interested and distributed to the profile Medical Institutions. ? Placed a month before the conference on  websites: zdorovbud. com. ua, medical. us and Equestrian Federation site. 7. Medical and Police supportDepartment| Type of service| Price UAH| Total price UAH| Source of financing| Medical| Emergency brigade on duty| 1500| 3000| Ministry of Health| Police| Escort of the bus with c hildren| 1500| | | Total expenditures Organization| Expenditures UAH| HC SPIRIT| 4,820| Ministry of Health| 11,100| Equestrian Federation| 2,000| Children's Psychological Center| 2,800| Ministry of Labor and Social Policy| 1,200| American Hippotherapy Association| 11,000| Total| 32,920| Press kit Press release Horse as doctor and friend for your children. Hippo therapy- new way of treating children with disabilities. Hippotherapy-riding to health† is the slogan of the charity event which is taking place on 6 April, 2013 in Hippotherapy center SPIRIT. The main goal is to inform parents and doctors about the advantages of such treatment. The event attracts society’s attention to children with disabilities. Its aim is to attract more financial help from government, business people and charity organizations. At the beginning the President of the Equestrian Federation of Ukraine A. Onishchenko and the Deputy Head of the department of Reform and Development of medicine N.Hobz ey will present speeches about the importance of such events. The topics of the conference are â€Å"Hippotherapy in the treatment of cerebral palsy† and â€Å"Hippotherapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system†. Among the special guests neurologist Professor A. Denisenko (Ukraine), Professor D. Tsverava (Georgia), Professor M. Rukhadze (Georgia), Professor Naomi Robert (USA). Expected number of guests is around 50. The program with horses for children includes practical lessons demonstrating different methods of hippotherapy in cerebral palsy, scoliosis, osteochondrosis.The project is financed by Equestrian Federation, Hippo therapy center SPIRIT, Ministry of Labor and Social Policy of Ukraine, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Children's Psychological Center and American Hippotherapy Association. Contact information: Hippotherapy center SPIRIT Phones: 099-155-24-54, 096-295-95-45, 093-401-36-94 e-mail: spirit. [email  protected] com Information about organization The idea of the project was developed by three students of the International Christian University-Kiev. Hippo therapy center SPIRIT was pleased to help in organizing this event on their part.That’s why the project has a form of charity event. Center SPIRIT was founded in 2010 in Kiev by a group of enthusiasts with the support of the Children's Psychiatric Center. Experts of the center hold higher education degrees and have been trained on the course â€Å"Hippotherapy for children's diseases† abroad. At the center work professional psychologists, rehabilitation specialists, neurologist. Horses are specifically purchased for use in hippotherapy and are trained by professional athletes. We care about safety. Classes are held with the participation of three people: the ringleader, hippotherapist and assistant to hippotherapist.Biography of the CEO Director of the Hippotherapy center Spirit, Anna Burago, established the center in 2010. Prior to that, she took a course â₠¬Å"Rehabilitation of patients with limited ability† at Medics’ Retraining Facility of People’s Friendship University of Russia. She is a specialist in rehabilitation. In May 2010 she completed a course in â€Å"Ridetherapy in Children’s Diseases† and got a qualification of instuctor of hippotherapy at Tbilisi Medical Academy. Every year the center organizes special events regarding hippotherapy. List of quotationsA parent says about the results of therapy: â€Å"The biggest change for Maxim has been the area of speech. Before the hippotherapy, he could say only a few words clearly and would attempt speech only if it was modeled for him. After only four sessions, Maxim speaks about 20 words clearly and is making approximations of several more, sometimes spontaneously. Something extraordinary happens to Maxim when he is up on that horse. The feeling of the rhythm of the horse walking seems to be helping Maxim’s brain organize what it needs to make speech happen. † Professor M.Rukhadze tells about the difference of hippotherapy from clinics: â€Å"Hippotherapy takes the patient out of the traditional clinical setting and places them into a more relaxed, yet stimulating atmosphere in order to help them meet their functional goals. Patients are in a natural environment, which may help integrate their needs into everyday life experiences. Children, who are sensitive to being â€Å"different†, do not consider the riding environment to be a clinic. † Logo Questionnaire for journalists 1. Name and last name 2. Company 3. Phone number 4. E-mail

Educatinal Technology

1- ) Examine three (3) of the issues you disembodied spirit ar al about important in shaping the grapheme of engine room in raising. Analyze why they ar most important ones The government agency of the reproduction in this global dry land is increasing for each one sidereal day. There are a hazard of ways, strategies and approaches to increase quality of education. One of most effective way is integrating engineering in to the education. That is called educational technology.There are a lot of advantages of technology in the crystalize but I result discover information about three advantages of technology in the classes which are freedom, rivality of the education and creative thinking. Technology in the education is natural endowment more(prenominal) freedom to teachers and students. How? As a mathematics teacher in a public school I substructure give examples from my have experiences. I wasting disease irreverent board and smart complete in my classes. I p repare my lesson course of study as software and I glitter on the board or on the screen. While I am manner of walking around the class I potbelly teach.I dont develop worn out(p) my time for writing the definitions or questions and clean the board. I dont take up turn my back to the students which is helping me for schoolroom management. As another example when I am teaching geometric figures stock- becalm three dimensional figures now my force is not a problem anymore. With Mimio smart board I can escort let on. My students have more time to learn. And I put my class notes to weathervanesite for students who missed the day or who couldnt understand well. They still have chance review everything that they missed.I look at this is the most important issue for role of the technology in the education. It is talent more time for teaching. It is another sole role of the technology in teaching, giving equal opportunity to all students. There are a lot of people who are see king for education but they cannot bowl over it because of lack school or teacher . Maybe it is not common in U. S. A but around the world it is common. For these people technology is notwith stand hope. Or some people like me who have to support a family and want to grow a degree online education is the only way.With technology everybody has an opportunity to learn. For some fussy and minor issues technology is helping us so much too, for instance I have a student who is dyslexic. To let him focus to class and understand better tablet computers are very helpful. In my country Turkish Government is giving free tablets to all students. The last and I think most important emolument of the educational technology is increasing creativity. With standing front of the board and giving twit we cannot individualize the education.It is a known concomitant every bodies learning way and train is different, from this perspective each person is unique. especially if there is a big rege neration in the class lecturing result not help. And if all students learn the similar thing with same way it will not develop their creativity conversely it will decrease the creativity. To enhance students creativity we have to integrate technology in the education. With this way the students can learn with their own way and level. There is a web site that I use in my math applying classes (www. studyisland. om) , at the beginning of the course of instruction students are taking a diagnostic test and depends their results system is giving a unique way to each student, may be the system is not faultless but the idea is so beautiful. In twenty first century we are aware of that education is more manifold than we taught. Teachers are facing with different problems such(prenominal) as dyslexia, ADHD/ADD, asperger syndrome. To individualize education technology is very helpful. Increasing technology using will develop creativity ,freedom and opportunity in the education. Page 1 Page 1